PRAISE IX OT
PRAISE IN OT
33
ioprdffft cot. Duhm emends niq to nbx, and '? to Vd, and in the next clause follows the LXX in reading ^^ in:;, thus obtaining; the sense, 'all the tribes of men shall praise Thee, the residue of the tribes shall keep (pilj,'riniage) festival to Thee.' Wellhausen makes the same change, n^ :nn, in the last clause ; on non he remarks tliat by this ■word the pious are meant, but that the pronun- ciation and the moaning of the word are quite uncertain. Ps 139" reads ' I will praise (RV 'give tlianks unto') Thee, for I am fearfully and wonder- fully made' (lit. 'fearfullj' wondrous,' there being no ' made ' in the Hebrew [Driver, Par. PsaHcr]). The LXX (BA i^o^oKoy^aofiaL joi &n tpo^spuis e^ai'/;ca- <rr<iSij5, but N* (8avfia<mi6rii'), the Syr. and the Vulg. {quia terrihiliter magnificatiis es) have 'Thou, arc fearfully wondrous,' and this is adopted by AVellh. in &BOT, i.e. r^i:} for 'n-^pj. The more radical emendations proposed by Duhm appear to be uncalled for. — In other instances the object is the name of God : Is 25' (vinfelf), Ps 44^ 54" 99^ 138^ 142' ; or His wonders («fe, ri Sau^aio) Ps 89'' (aU iioiJLoXoyciaBai). Instead of a simjjle accusative, mn may be followed by ), always referring to the ritual worship, e.g. cs*^ Ps lOli" 'to give thanks unto Thy holy name,' cf. 122* 140'^ (all fto/io- \oyilaOai) ; ^c^ij^ in? (t^ M**'}/^?? '"^s ayiunrvPT}^ avrod) Ps 30* 97" ( AV ' at the remembrance of His holi- ness,' RV 'to His holy name,' both e^o/Jio\oy(Ta$ai) ; .•n.TS 1 Ch IS*-'" (all a/«r..), iS" {e^oiioXoyeiffOai), 25' (where miT and h'jn occur together, LXX ivaKpovd- fienos eiofio\6yi)<riy icoi aiVecrii'), 2 Ch 5" (similarly e^OfioXoycTaOai /cai ati^eTi') 7" 20-' 30" (Hithp.), Ps 33- 92' (all f'ioMoXo7er(rOai) 105'= 1 Ch 168= j^ j-m (i^^^^i'); cf. the familiar ' Give thanks to J" for He is good ' (2^B-'3 .iin*'? nin, (^ofioXoyeiaOf rw Kvpiip^ clrt xpv<^'^^^ or dyoL$if) Ps lOG' 107' US'-" i3U', 1 Ch 16" (here, pi-rliaps by a scribal error, dyaOin), cf. Jer 33 [Gr. 40] ".
It will be observed that very frequently both AV and IIV render .iiin by ' give thanks to ' in- stead of 'praise,' and in many instances (2Ch 7''' 20=', Ps 7" 9' 3.3- 448 4517 50»54« 57a log' 109*> 111' 11819.21 iigt ,38,.. jggu ,4.27 i45io_ Is 121. 4, Jer
33"), although not uniformly, RV substitutes 'give tlianks to' for AV 'praise.' It might be well to adopt this rendering in all instances where mi.i describes a religious exercise, except those in which 'confess' is the appropriate sense, and to retain 'praise' for SV.-r.
The noun from this root is .Ti^n ' praise,' ' thanks- giving.' It is used of giving prai.se to J" by con- fession of sin : Jos 7" .IE ; niin i'?'!?, 5As ttiv i^o/io- Xiyijo-ii', cf. Kzr 10' ; hut es])ecially of the songs of thanksgiving, in liturgical worship : Ps2fl' (aipe<ns), 42' (;tVoX(i7i)<ri5), 69^ {atvefftt), Or,- 147' (both ^«o,uo- 'Sirfrijis), Jon 2' {atfcctt Kai i(ojj.o\6yTi(ris), Neh 12-"' (a (io)io\&Ynai%, BA om.). In all these instances both AV and RV have 'thanksgiving'; in Ps 100 title an<l v.* (both ^io/j.o\oyT!(ni) AV has 'prai.sc,' RV 'thanksgiving.' — The word .Tim is used in Neh 12^'- ^■•''' of the 'two companies that gave thanks' (nnin '«»', 50o nepl aMafm), and possibly a similar sense ('choirs') is intended in Jer ,30 (Gr. in]'" (AV and RV 'out of them shall proceed thanksgiving,' LXX B fOofTes). In several in- stances .lyn means a thank-oll'ering : Am 4° (6^0- Xoyio), Lv 7'=- "• " (flwri'o [rys] atf^aews) 22-» (.Ti'in-nji, ev<rla fuxi*), 2Ch 29" 3.3'» (both atVfiris), Ps GO'*-" (the latter verse reads in AV 'whoso oHereth praise glorifietli Me,' RV ' whoso ollereth the sacrilice of thanksgiving,' Driver [Par. Psalter) 'he that sacrilicetli thanksgiving,' IjXX Ovaia aivlaem So^a(rei fxe) 56'" 107-116", Jer 17'-" (all aiveffis) 33" {Swpa). A doubtful form occurs in Nell 12* ' Matlaiiinh who was over the tlianks- pivin;,',' AV and KV ; AVni 'i.e. the ps:\lins of thanksgiving ' ; RVm ' or tlie ihoirs.' Thi' llfbrcw
is n'n;T''i', for which LXX, evidently by a confusion with the Heb. word for 'hands, gives ^Tri rii/ Xei/J-j" ; the Vulg. has super /ti/»inos. Ewald, Bertlie.au, Keil, and Oettli re.ad tlie ab.stract noun nn-n, Ulsliauseu reads the inKn. niiin. It is not improbable that Jeduthun (which see) also be- longs to this root, and that it was originallj' a musical term and not a proper name.
As ' give thanks to' was suggested above .as the most suitable rendering for .tilt in its liturgical sense, 'thanksgiving' might be adopted for .Tiin, and ' praise ' retained for ■"l^■•^l.
3. In two instances, Jg 5- and Ps 72'°, where A V has ' praise,' RV substitutes ' bless,' which is the more exact rendering of fii, the verb emiiloycd (LXX in botli erXo7er>').
i. -CI, only in Piel. According to Hupfeld (Psalmen, 1862, iv. 421 f.), the original reference of this root* (which in the lleb. literature known to us is used cither of playing or singing [cf. Lat. canere]) is to the hum of a stringed instrument, and "linp, used in 57 titles as a designation of psalms, would he, properly, a song sung to a musical accompaniment. It is this word liDi.? which the LXX rejjroduces by ^J'aX/iis (whence psalm) from i/'dXXw, tlie usual LXX equivalent for 121, and in Cod. Alex. (A) the liook of Psalms is entitled fdXrnpiov (whence Psalter). The word -III, with two exceptions (Jg 5'', in the Song of Deborah, ' I will .sing pr.aise [\taXi] to the Lord,' II Tp' ; and Is 12' 'sing [viJ-vqaaTe] unto the LdP.D, for He hath done excellent things') is continecl to the Book of Psalms, where it occurs in the following collocations : (a) with \ and n'n'S.s or .ii.T, usually rendeic<l in EV by ' sing praise(s) unto'; LXX in this and in all the following constructions, unless otherwise noted, ^aXKuv : Ps 27" 101' \W 105- = 1 Ch 16" (viivelv) [in all these || -\'a] 9'= 30' [both II .-iiin] 47" (' to our king') 66* 71'-"- (' to Thee,' II -niN) 75'° (II Tin) 146'- (II hSn) ; once -"yx instead of 7, Ps 59'8 ' unto Thee, O my strength, will 1 sing praises ' ; or with cs*^ ' to the name of God ' : Ps 18'» = 2 S 22''» (II rn\s) 92'- (|| nnVn^) 135' (II .TiS'?^) ; — (h) with an object, either a pronominal suHix, 'sing Thee,' ' jiraise Thee in song': Ps 30" 57'" 108* 138' (all II ^-li-s-) ; or an accusative, God or the Lord : Ps 47' 68^ (|| tc') 147' ; His n.ame: 7" (II mi.>t) 9^ 61" 66' 68' (II Tci) ; the glory of His name : 66'- ; His power (.Tin:) : 21'* (II tc") ; once the accusative of the song : 47" (''•?»"; n?! ' make ye melody with a skilful strain,' LXX ^dXare avverws) ; — (c) abso- lutely : 578 (II Ti:)) 98* jll vn, nss, pi) 108'^ (|| tc*). Instrumental accompaniment to the .song appears in 108', and the wonl is used directly of playing upon an instrument in 33'- 71'-'= 98' 144"' 147' 14iP.