2. IS' occurs with extreme frequency. The verbal form Tii? is found 4 times in Qal (Jg 9=^ Is 32', Pr 8", Est P-), twice in Hithp. (Nu 16'^""), and once in Hiph. (Hos8*). In Jg 9-'' and Hos 8'' it is pointed in MT as if from -no, but see Konig, i. 328, 352. It is uncertain whetlier this is the primitive root = 'have power,' 'exercise rule,' or whether it is a denominative from iv. Amongst other applica- tions, V [in the following passages reproduced in LXX, unless otherwise noted, by fi/JX""] is used of ofiicers or rulers whether military Ex 18^ (AV and RV 'rulers'), Nu 21'8, Is 21», 2 Ch 32^' || tjj (AV and RV 'captains'), or civil 1 Ch 27" (irpoo-Tdrai, AV and RV 'rulers'), cf. 29' etc., particularly of royal officials Gn 12", 2 K ■J4'^ Hos 3*, Ezr S^ ; of the chiefs of foreign nations Jg 1^ 8' (Midian), 1 S IS** (Philistines) ; of leaders in war 1 .S 22- (^701!- /ie»oi, AV and RV 'captains'), cf. 2 S Ii* and Neh 2' (ifyxTtol); of the 'ruler of the city' Jg Q*", cf. 1 K 222« (jSuffiXf i!s, AV and RV ' governor '), Neh V; of the chief of the eunuchs Dn 1"- '"■ (apx^evoirxos) ; the chief of the butlers or bakers Gn 40^-2" (apx'- oivoxbot, ipxt(riTOTroi6s), etc. ; the head of the priestly or Levitical classes Ezr S'^ 10», 1 Ch 15'«' -- etc. j the directors of the post-exilic community Neh 4"", cf. Ezr 9' 10''', Neh 11'. With the sense of ' prince ' proper, ii? is niainlv post-exilic. Est 1'*, Job 29' (dSpoO II D'l'J}, Ps 119='-''"; of the Messiah, 'the prince of peace' Is 9* (A apx"" ^IpV'V't B follows a ditterent text) ; of the guardian angels of the nations Dn 10"-=»-2i 12' (Theod. in all ipxi^', LXX in first three rrpar-qyiis, in last dyycXos) ; of God Dn 8" ('prince of the host,' dpxti^T/)dT7n'os)''(' prince of princes,' LXX follows a ditterent text).
■rhe noun 'princess' in EV always represents .Tip (cf. the proper name SARAH). Its only two occurrences in AVare 1 K 11' (of the seven hundred wves of Solomon ; LXX fi/jxowat). La 1' (of Jerusa- lem ' princess among the provinces'; LXXapx<""''°l- To tlie.se RV adds Est !'« (AV 'ladies,' LXX TvpamlSe^). There are only two other occurrences of mb in the Hebrew Bible. The one is Jg 5'^ n'n'np ntorn ( AV and RV ' her wise ladies,' Moore [cf. his note on the text], 'the sagestof lier princesses'; LXX dpxowai); the other Is Is4;ra (AV and RV 'queens,' AVm 'princesses'; LXX ipxovaat).
3. fJ}. The root meaning is probably ' one in front,' 'a leader.' This word is used in general of rulers or princes in Job 29'° (AV and KV 'nobles,' LXX wants this verse) 31" (LXX follows
I'KLNCL
riii:N'CL
101
aditlLTuiit text), Fs-G^-t^'^ipxw), Pr2S'« {3a<n\ei's). More particularly it is the designation of (n) the kinfi of Israel: Saul 1 S 9'" 10' [the use of t:} is
Seculiar to the earlier of the two narratives of aul's election, "^; ' kinj;' being used in the other; the same distinction is oliscrved in the LXX dpx"'' anil iia<Ti.\evi] ; David 13''' (apx"" ; in the following passages ^yoi/^fi-o! unless otherwise noted) 25*, 2S 5- (eiarryoiiiiroi) C-' 7^ 1 Ch H» 17', 2 Cli 6' [in all these passages relating to Saul and David, KV has 'prince,' AV has 'captain' in all except 1 S 25^, 2 S 6-' 7', 1 Ch 11" 17', 2 Ch 6», where it has 'ruler'], Is 55' (AV and RV 'leader,' RVni 'prince,' LXXdpx"''); Solomon 1 K 1"(AV 'ruler'), 1 Ch 29" (AV 'chief governor,' LXX /SacriXetJs) ; Jeroboam 1 K 14' ; Baasha 16- ; Hezekiah 2 K 2U' ( AV ' captain ') ; Abijah 2 Ch 1 1-^ (A V ' ruler ') ; cf. the choice of Judah 1 Ch 28' (AV 'ruler,' LXX if 'Ioi'J(i rjpiTiKiv rh §a.tTi\ci.ov). — (b) A foreign ruler or prime : tlie prince of Tyre Ezk '28- (dpx"'') ; per- liaps also 'the prince that shall come' Dn 9-* (? Antiochus Kpiplianes, see below; Theod. i rjyov- fievos 6 ipx^^^voSy LXX ^aoikda idvC:v). — (c) A h'tfjh temple offici'il : Pashhur Jer 20' (AV 'chief gover- nor,' RV 'chief oHicer') ; cf. 1 Ch 9", 2 Ch 31" 35^ (AV and R V ' rulcr(s '), LXX in last 5.pxo<nrei), Neh 11" (AV and RV ruler,' LXX airivavTi. oIkov toO Beau) ; the high priest Dn U'-^ ('the prince of the covenant'), and perhaps 9-''-" (AV in v.^ 'the Messiah the prince,' RV ' the anointed one, the prince'; Theod. x/'""'** Tnovixtvos). The prince in v.''" is frequently understood of Cyrus, and in v.-" of Ejiiphanes, but Bevau argues in favour of under- standing the reference in both instances to be to the high priest, the first being to Joshua the son of Jozadak (Ezr 3°, ll.i" 1', Zee 3'), and the second [reading oy n.-y: ' shall be destroyed with,' for cy r-ny:' the people shall destroy '] to Jason. the brother and successor of Onias III. — (d) A ruler in other cnjxicities. This use of the word is l.ate : the ' ruler ' of each tribe 1 Ch 27"^, 2 Ch 19"; the ' ruler' of the Korahites 1 Ch 9-°; the 'leader' of the Aaronite warriors 1 Ch 12-'; the ' leader ' of an armv division 1 Ch 13' 27* (AV and RV 'ruler,' LX.^ dpx""). 2Ch 11" ('captain' of a fortress) 32-' (in the Assyrian army; AV and RV 'leaders,' LXX dpXo"'fs) ; the 'ruler' over the temple treasuries 1 Ch 26-'-' (6 iirl rdv eijaavpCii-), cf. 2 Ch 31'" (^tti- (TT-aTj)!). In 2 Ch 28' the 'house' (n;;n) of which Azrikam was ruler (AV 'governor'), is probably the palace ; cf. the familiar n:3Ci-Sy iyi< Is 22" 36'', 1 K4«, 2 K 15" etc.