4. 3-j, lit. 'willing,' e.g. a^i anj 'willing of heart' Ex 35»-"", 2 Ch 29"; nj-i} rj" 'a willing (AV and RV ' free') spirit' Ps 51" I'"' ; cf. the use of the verb 3:i "to volunteer ' Jg .->-- », 2 Ch 17", Neh 11", and the noun .i^t; 'freewill ofTering' Ex 3ri"« 36', Ezr 1" et eil. Hence 3"; may mean generous or noh/e in disposition: Pr I7-" (AV 'princes,' RV 'the noble,; II pns), v.' (LXX SUaiot; AV and RV 'a prince' is quite mi.sleading, see Tov, ml lor.), I8 32»» (AV and RV 'the liberal'; opposed here, as in Pr 17', to ^j:). The word is used of noble or princely rank in Nu 21" (the Soiij; of the Wei! ; AV and RV ' the nobles,' LX.\ /Saa-iXeis, || Dn-;> 'princes,' ipxofTes. In the following passages, un- less otherwise noted, apxw is used by LXX to tr. 3"}), 1 S 2" ('to make them sit with princes, ^trd Swaarwi' Xoiii-), .lob 12'-' = l's 107'° ('He poureth contempt upon princes') 21^ (' Where is the house of the prince?' 15 oZ/coj ipxovTo^, but A oTkos dpxaios) 34", Ps 47'>"»i 83'" l"> (AVand RV 'nobles') 113'""' 118" 146', Pr 8"> dlD-i;', LXX MfViirrai-fs and rdpavm respectively) 19« (AV and RVm 'prince' seems preferable to RV 'liberal man'; LXX /SoffiXm) 25' [Siiyd<TTiit), Ca7' CO priuce's daughter,' S euyarep NaSdiS, A 0vy. 'Apupadi^).
5. TCJ (As.syr. »i«.«Ak), from root idj 'install ' (cf.
Ps 2« pT'jy -j^D 'rirpj 'I have installed my king upon Zion'), occurs 4 times in OT : Jos 13"' 'the princes (AV 'dukes,' LXX HpxafTa [but the Gr. text is confused]) of Sihon'; Ezk 32-* 'the princes (d,/xoi'Tts) of the north'; Mic 5'>''' 'eight pnnciiial men ' (o-x ■:•-}, RVm 'princes among men,' LXX 5rr)ixaTa avBptlnrap) ; Ps 83'- 1"' ' make their princes (I C'3"}, see above ; LXX dpxoirfs) like Zebah and Zalmunna.' In Dn 11* on";'?;, which is rendered in AV and RV^m 'their princes,' is much more likely from another Vih a by-form of Tirj, and means ' their molten images' (so RV, Oxf. Heb. Lex. etc.; cf. LXX and Theod. rd x^i'fin-d). We reach the same result by simply changing the Massoretio reading to cnTfj. See, further, Bevan, ad lac.
6.'c-:5-!i::-rs (Ezr 8'"', Est 3'" & ff<) or N.'jSTiv'nK (Dn 3"- 5- ■-'' 6^- ■*• »■ '■ «) is uniformly rendered by RV satraps, while AV gives ' lieutenants ' in the pas- sages in Ezra and Esther, ' princes ' in those in Daniel. See art. Lieutenant.
7. C"?y'''^ in Ps 6S*'i'-l is rendered by both A\' and RV 'princes.' The LXX has wpiapa's 'am- bassadors,' Vulg. legati ; but all these renderings are purely conjectural, founded upon the context. Probably we ought, with Nestle {.JBL, 1891, p. 152), to emend to D'jrifs ' they shall come with oils or ointments' (so Duhm, et al.).
8. c-j:^3 is rendered ' princes ' in AV of Job 12", but there is no reason for departing from the usual meaning 'priests' (so RV, LaX iepeis).
9. c";:? Is 41"° 'he (Cyrus) shall come upon princes (RV 'rulers,' RVm 'deputies') as upon mortar.' The LXX lias dpxo'^ft. Scganhn (found only in the plural) is a loan-word from the Assyrian, where it appears as mknu 'prefect' of a conquered city or province. For the other OT uses and the later meanin" of sCgdnim see art. Priests and Levites, p. 96''.
10. c';n-)5, a Persian loan-word, probablj- =/ra- tama, ' lirst,' occurs 3 times: Dn P "certain of the cliildren of Israel, even of the seed royal and of the nobles ' (AV 'princes ' ; LXX (k tCiv iirCKiKTav, Theod. B airb rCir <t>opOofiiieii', A . . . TropOo,utielv, Symm. and Pesh. tr. 'Parthians ') ; Est H (AV and RV ' nobles,' || ony ; LXX lySoioi); & 'one of the king's most noble princes' (cpn-ifri tj^eh n^'p ej-n, LXX fvl Tu)V (^i\wv TOV /iaiT^Xeuis twv 4vo6^ii)v).
11. ]'¥[; ( = Arab, kd/li. from hirjri ' to decide,' ' to pronounce a sentence') is a term used of both military and civil leaders: Jos 10** ('the chiefs of the men of war'), Jg ll'- " (of Jephtliah), Pr 6' (in a saying about the ant, joined with loy and Vj=), Is 1'" 3"-' 2-2". The OT passages where it is tr. ' prince ' in A V are : Pr 25'° ' By lon^ forbear- ing IS a prince (RV 'ruler,' RVm 'judge') per- suaded ' (LXX iv fiaKpoSvpilf evo5ia jia<Ti\eO<rtv ; there api)ears to be no sufficient reason for Toy's and I'rankenberg's emendation of the last two words of the MT I'sj HP"; to ivf) Dpifi; or "jxp '^■; ' is anger [or an angry man] pacified ') ; Mic 3'- ' ' ye princes (RV 'rulers') of the house of Israel' (LXX ol KaTdXoiiroi ; in both verses || c-px-; 'heads') ; Dn H" 'a iirince(RVm 'captain') shall cause the reproach offered by him to ce.ase.' The reference is to the Roman general Lucius Scipio who defeated Antiochus the Great at Magnesia, R.C. 190 (see Bevan, ad he). There is nothing in Theod. or the LXX text here corresponding to the word ['Vj.
12. 13. 31, which is especially familiar as the first part of otlicial titles like Rab-mao, Rab- saris, Rah-shakeii (see the artt. on these names), is twice tr. 'prince' in AV : Jer 39" 41' of the ririnces (RV 'chief oflicers')of the king of Baby ton ; LXX in the first passage [46'] riyep-ivei, in the second the term is dropped. In Dn 4''<''' 51. 2.s.». 10. » gisini the form l?-|3T occurs. Both AV and RV render uniformly by 'lords' except in 5'- • where A V has ' princes ' ; flieod. has pLcyi-