102
PRINCESS
PRISCA OR PRISCILLA
arayes in every instance, so LXX in 5™ and 6" <">, om. in the other passages.
H. 15. I'm. (cf. the proper name Rezon, 1 K 11") only Pr 14^ 'in the want of people is the destruc- tion of the prince' (LXX SmdaTys) ; elsewhere [I'l, namely Jg 5' ' Give ear, 0 ye princes ' (B ffaTodwai, A adds Siiuarol), Vs 2' (ipxofTes, AV and RV 'rulers'), Pr S'" (Svvd<rrai) 31^ Hab 1" {ripayvoi), Is 40" {S.pxofTes). In all these passages jHit or jh is I1 1|^5 ' king,' except in the last, where q'JIT is II P.N 'oEb" 'judges of the earth.' Cf. Arab, razin, ' grave,' ' steady,' from razuna, ' to be hea\'y.'
16. »•'?¥• is once (Ezk 23") tr. ' prince.' A better rendering would be 'officer' or 'captain.' The word, which means literally ' third ' (cf. the LXX, but not in above passage, TpicrrdTTjs), is usually explained to have denoted originally the man who, in addition to the driver, stood beside the king on his war-chariot, holding his shield or the like. But the adequacy of this as an explanation of the general usage of the term is questioned by Dillniann (on Ex 14'), Kraetzschmar (' Ezechiel' in Nowack's JSdkomm.), and others. Kraetzschmar prefers to make the meaning simply third in military rank (comparing the obsolete titles ' first lieutenant,' ' second lieutenant '), or to regard shalish as a loan - word. The term occurs fre- quently elsewhere in OT in the same sense (e.g. Ex 14^ 15^ 2 K 9^ 10» 15^, AV and RV always ' captain ').
In the NT the terms rendered in AV 'prince' are 1. apxTV^s : — Ac 3" ' ye kUled the Prince ( AVm and RVm ' Author ') of life.' ' Author ' appears to be the better rendering here (cf. He 2'° ' the author [AVm and RVm ' captain '] of their salvation '). The only other instance where dpxvy^' is tr. 'prince' (AV and RV) is Ac 5^' 'Him did God 3xalt with his right hand to be a Prince and a Saviour.' The Gr. term occurs once more in NT, namely in He 12- ' Jesus the author (AVm ' be- ginner,' RVm 'captain') and finisher (RV 'per- lecter') of our faith,' where the meaning is prob- ably 'leader' or ' antcsignanus.' 2. S.px'^"- Mt 9** 12-'^ Mk 3=2 of (Beelzebub) 'the prince of the demons'; Mt 20'-^ 'the princes of the GentUes,' cf. 1 Co '2'- ^ ' the princes of this world ' (el ipxomes Tov aliixo! ToijTov) ; Jn 12" \i^ 16" ' the prince of this world ' [i ipxi^v toO Klia/iov toittou) ; Epli 2- ' the prince of the power of the air ' (6 ipx^f t^s ^fowrfas ToD ddpos ; on this expression see art. SATAN) ; Rev 1° ' the Prince of the kings of the earth ' (6 &PX<ov Tuv ^aaCKiwv t^s 7^5, probably a reminiscence of Ps 89(88)^). 3. rrtepLihv is tr. 'prince' only in Mt 2" ' thou art not the least among the princes of Judah.' On the surprising variations between St. Matthew's quotation and the original passage Mic 5', and the possible explanation of these, see art. Quotations, L d. J. A. Selbik.
PRINCESS.— See Prince, No. 2, ad Jin.
PRINCIPALITY.— In Jer 13" nSotiiD (from e».-!-i the head) is tr. 'principalities,' apparently in the sense of privilege, pre-eminence, as in Jer. Taylor, Worthy Communicant, i. 83, ' If any mystery, rite, or sacrament be effective of any si)ii itual blessings, then this is much more, as having the prerogative and illustrious principality above everything else.' This is better than the tr. ' from your head ' or ' from your heads' of the previous versions (Vulg. de captte vestro, LXX dird it€(^aX^s i/iwi') ; but the meanmg is evidently, as in AVm and RV, ' head- tires.'
In 2 Mac 4" 5' the high priesthood is called the 'principalitj-,' i.e. principal olEce or supreme power I'i/'X'))- Cf. Jliltoii, Reform, ii. 'The Bishoi)s of Rome and Alexandria, who beyond their Priestly bounds now long agoe had stept into principality.'
For the ' principalities ' {apxat) of Ro S", Eph 1" {ipx-^, RV ' rule ^) 3'° 6'», Col 2i»- ", Tit 3' (RV 'rulers'), see Dominion in vol. i. p. 616'.
J. Hastings.
PRINCIPLE.— See Element in vol. i. p. 082'.
PRISCA or PRISCILLA {Upl<rm, Upl<rKi\\a).— The wife of Aquila. The name is Latin, PrisciUa being the diminutive form. In the three places in Acts where the word is used (IS''" '*i^''), the form is always Priscilla ; in the three places in St. Paul's Epistles (Ro 16», 1 Co IG'", 2 Ti 4'") it is in the best MSS always Prisca. In Ac 18'8-», Ro 16^ ■-' Ti 4" tlie wife's name appears first, in the other two places the husband s.
There U some variatioD io the MSS &nd VSS. In Ac 18^ KABE vulg. boh. read Xlp.rxikXa «»; ' A«;xai ; DHLP, etc., gig, syrr, sah. read'A«. ««; Tlf. In Ro lO^ and 2 Ti -lis the evi- dence for Tlpio^m is prepondemting ; in 1 Co l&^ llainut. is read by kBMP ™1k. codd., boh. arm. ; no.o-»-Wi« by ACDEFOKL and most later MSS, \iilg. codd., syrr, Chrys., Thdrt., Dam. and TR ; the former reading is undoubtedly riylit. In 2 Ti i^s there is acurious addition after ' Axii.et* in 46, lUO. and 1U9 l^t. AlKTpait (sic) rr,t yvvattuc tLvrcv Juti ^fJ.aLiet9 (sic) xcti Z*i>^.« rtif