2. The verb came from Old Fr. quiter (mod. quitter), a derivative of Lat. quictare. In AV it IS used only refiexively, ' quit yourselves like men' (IS 4"'"', Heb. oV;!;'? vn), 'quit you like men ' (1 Co 16", Gr. ivSpli«j0(). To 'quit oneself is to discharge one's obligations ; on every man lie the obligations of a man. Cf. Milton, Savuon Agon. i. 1709 —
■ Samson hath quit himself Like Samson.'
J. Hastings.
QUIVER represents more than one Heb. word. 1. Gn 27" for •'71? tHt [Samar. n-Vn tHith (?)], a fliraf \ty. meaning literally, if a genuine Heb. word, ' that which is hung,' either a quiver (LXX [<pap{Tpa.\ pseudo-Jon.) or a sword or /cnife {Onk., Pesh., Abulwalid). 2. Usually for idy'n 'a.<)hpah, perhaps a loan-word from Asiyr. iSpatu, literal meaning unknown.
The quiver was a very conspicuous part of the equipment of the Eastern warrior ; on the Assyr.
• Perhaps the possibility of a slip of the pen, Ki/mmW foi K«ci*TiA.oi/, like 'Barachiah* for 'Jehoiada' (Alt 239^), is Just worth mentioning.
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QUOTATIONS
QUOTATIONS
reliefs in the Hritish Museum tlie Assyr. soldier is alwaj's an arclier, and £/(//« his foe regularly bears the (jniver (Is '2'2!'). The famous mounted archers of the East are perhaps alluded to in Job 39-^ ' the quiver rattleth upon him' (UVm), i.e. ujwn the horse, and the terror caused by them is vividly portrayed in Jer 5'" ' Their quiver is as an open sepulchre'; cf. Jer 6^ 'They ride upon horses.' The Lord Himself has a quiver in which He hides His chosen instruments (Is 49-). When the moment comes for the execution of His judgments, His arrows lly suddenly to the mark (Ks 04'). There is a parallel for these metaphors in the speech of al-Hajjaj, the Khalifa Abd al-Melik's go\-ernor, to the disallccted inhabitants of Cufa (A.II. 75) ; 'The Prince of the Believers has spread before him the arrows of his quiver, and has tried every one of t'lem by biting its wood. It is my wood that he has found the hardest and the bitterest, and I am the arrow which he shoots against you' (Stani.slas Guyard, 'Mohammedan- ism,' \nEncycl. Brit. xvi. 571). Another metaphor in the OT is that a man's home circle (?) is his quiver, and his sons, born while he himself is still j-oung, are his arrows (Ps 127'); cf. La 3", where, conversely, arrows are called ' sons of the quiver ' (RVm).
3. In the Pr. Bk. version Ps IP reads ' [They] make ready their arrows within the quiver ' (nn; 7y 'al yct/u-r). This translation, though supported by LXX (e^s (papirpav) and Vulg., is wrong. AV and IIV (so Pesh.) have rightly ' upon the string.'
4. Ancient authority is strong for translating n-^h::) shdatiin, ' shields ' (EV) as 'quivers' (2 S 8' = rCh IS', 2K ll'<'=2 Ch 239, (j^ 4^ Jer 51", Ezk 27"). The latter rendering suits Jer 51" ' fill the quivers,' but it is more probable that in all these passages D'aV;f' has the more general meaning, 'arms, equipment' (cf. Expository Times, x. (1898) 43 ff.). W. Emery Barnes.
QUOTATIONS.— In OT there are few definite quotations, but the Bible \\Titers freely introduced matter which they found ready to hand. Several books, such as those of the Hexateuch, J<', 1 and 2 S, etc., are made up, in fact, of previously existing documents (see Hexateuch, etc.). Shorter ex- tracts are also frequent, esp. poems, such as the Song of Laniech (Gn 4^- ^), the Blessing of Jacob ((!n 49--"), the Song and the Blessing of Moses (Ex 15-'"", Dt 33-"^), etc. ; or portions of songs, as Jos lU'-'"''*'. In a few instances only is the source men- tioned, as 'the Bk. of Jashar' (Jos 10"", 2S l'», 1 K 8" LXX), 'the Bk. of the W.ars of J"' (Nu 21'''). Sometimes they were probably popular songs handed down by oral tradition (Nu 21"). Often a writer incorporates the language of an earlier writer, a.s frequently throughout the Psalms, so much so that certain phrases came to be tradi- tional, such as 'praise ye J",' 'for His mercy endureth for ever.' It is not always certain M'hether passages common to two writers are copied from one by the other, or are both taken from one common source, as Is '2'-"''=Mic 4'"^, which is evidently foreign to the context of Is (note the minatory tone of 2'"--), and, if taken by Isaiah from Micah, proves Is 2 to have been written not earlier than Hezekiah's reign (cf. Jer 26" with Mic 3" contextually connected with Mic 4'), and is therefore belie\ed by many to belong to some earlier unknown document. It is also probable that Is 15-16'^ is derived from an earlier source (see 16"), and such passages suggest the inquiry whether the insertion ot earlier material by biblical ^vriters may not have been nmch more frequent than is commonly sui)po8ed.
i. (Quotations from OT in NT.— These are very frequent and very various in character.
Turpie puts them at 275 ; but this does not in. elude the very gieat number of passages incor- porated into tlie language of NT writers, esp. in tlie Apocalypse.
A. Quotations are ttsuolbf from LXX — (ot) even though dill'ering more or less considerably from MT (1) in pointing, as Ac 15" [Am 9'-] (mx ' man' for Dix 'Edom'), He I1-' [Gn 47"] (noo 'stall'' fol na? ' bed ') ; (2) in reading, as Ac 15" {•o-n'. ' seek' for •!?■)'; 'possess') (Ac 2-' [Ps 16'"] agrees with LXX in following ]>erS ^Vf q ' Thy holy one ' for Kethibh 'Cy:n ' Thy holy ones') ; (3) by a probably inaccurate tr. of words, as Ac 2" [Ps l(j'"] {Sia<p0op6. ' destruction ' for nrc' ' pit '), Ro 10'-" [Is C5'] {e/j.(pai'rjs iycvi/j.-iji' ' I was m.ade manifest ' for 'nf -inj ' 1 was souglit ') ; and of phrases, as He2''-'[Ps8*"''J(^XdTTu(ra! aurdv Qpaxv Ti Trap' d-yy^Xovs ' Thou madest him a little lower than the angels' for o'-Sk:: oi'S imjom ' Thou hast made him but little lower than God ') ; (4) by other dillerences which cannot easily be accounted for, but are probably due to various readings, as Ro 9-'''- '^ [Is lO'-'-' '"J, where, besides other variations, LXX seems to have read I'S",' for 3it';, and 157 for ['v^s and n^j, and in He lO'''" [Hab 2^-^], where LXX probably read nsVi' (with 531 K) for nVs>;, and rryio for n-i;;. In He 10* [Ps 40'] it was suggested by Kennicott that a;}])} (Heb. text) is a corruption of nu in (LXX). If so, it would seem probable that t."< itself was inserted by error from the following line, and that LXX read ni: only ; but the Heb. reading with all its difficulty better suits the context, the contrast being between obedience and sacrifice (cf. 1 S 15-"). (6) Sometimes when the argument depends on LXX as distinct from Heb., as in He 1' [Ps 104''], where Heb. = ' Wlio maketh for his messengers winds, for his ministers a flaming fire.' Cf. also Ac 2-', He 2' 10'. (c) Generally even by writers conversant with the Heb. as St. Paul and St. John (see I, /, h). {cl) To a large extent even when the (^notation points to a knowledge of Heb., showing that the %vriter, even though he had the Heb. before him, or in his mind, still repro- duced in part the familiar language of LXX, as Mt 2'8 [Jer 31 (38) "] (K\av9fi6s rai 65vp^Los, LXX KXavefiov K. 6dvpfiou), 12"--' [Is 42'-'], where after a quotation, which is an independent tr. of Heb. dittering in almost every word from LXX, the last verse agrees exactly with LXX, tliough the latter follows a diti'erent text in all three words [k. iv [LXX ^Tri] T. 6vo^ia.TL avroO ^Ovtj 4\TnoO(Tt ' and in his name shall the Gentiles hope ' for d">! in-jinj!) ('?.3:; 'and the isle? shall wait for his law'). It la also possible tha'- this may be the insertion of an early editor of Mt, or a various reading of Heb. followed also by LXX (see J, a ; cf. Ro 9-').