ence to this very translation. If, as is generally Ijelieved, James is earlier than 1 P, botn quota- tions and reference are derived from some othei document, (e) When a writer quotes a passaga twice with the same variant, as in Ro 9*' 10", He 8'° 10"" (omission of Siio-u), the most probabla explanation is that he consciously or unconsciously copied his own correction.
I. Manner of quotation in different books {or sources) of AT. — (a) Synoptic Tradition. (1) In Mk out of 20 quotations (excluding reference in 12'^), of which all but one are sayings of our Lord, 16 are either exact, or very slightly altered, quota- tions of LXX. Of the remaining four V*' is prob- ably an early interpolation into Synoptic tradition, not being in the corresponding place in either Mt or Lk, and breaking the obvious connexion between 1^ and 1' ; Mk V2-^- ^ [Dt 6^- »] is the great v^v, which from its frequent use in devotion was prob- ably known to Greek Jews in its Heb. form, and was hence independently translated ; 14" contains words of Christ which, if quoted as in LXX, would have lost all point ; in 15*" we have words of Christ in their original Hebrew - A ramaic form. The following translation, though Influenced by LXX, aims at greater literalness (ei's ri for Iva tI, repeti- tion of /iou, non-addition of the curious vpacrxn iwi). It seems that the writer, while he had re- ceived and retained a few sayings of our Lord as actually uttered, generally used LXX as a matter of course. (2) Mt reproduces all the Synoptic quotations, except the doubtful Mk 1'-'", and very nearly as he finds them, but mth a slight tendency (perhaps unconscious) to assimilate to LXX, Heb., or Aram., as perhaps in 19" (order of LXX in Dt, of LXX and Heb. in Ex and Dt), 22»-' ( + d/u LXX). 22" (eV = Heb. 1 for ii ; Siavoltf, a LXX transl. of 3;^ for /(TxiJos), 22« {KiOov LXX), 21-^ (•Sn(?) Heb. and Aram, for 'n'jx ; n:^ (?) Aram, for Heb. 'i?^). The follo^ving translation is a little less bold, as also the reference to Dt 25' in 22^. (3) Lk out of 19 Synoptic quotations (excluding Mk 1-'', which Lk has in quite a different connexion) omits 8 and treats the rest with greater freedom, chiefly for literary reasons, as 3^"* (where the continuation of the quotation increases the rhetorical effect. Sea also E, c). For the same purpose he abridges in gio lo^Jou" 18=» 19*'*. In the last he, so far only, agrees with Mt. In 10" he apparently combines Mk 12=«- *> and Mt 22^', reading (^ . ■ . KapSlas and iv . . . i'vxi, etc., and both i<rxw and Siavotf. 20" is altered so as to agree exactly with LXX. The word Kadov in 20^, though also in Mt, probably comes therefore from the same source. (6) The portions common to Mt and Lk and not to Mk. Quotations are found only in the account of the Temptation (Mt 4*- "• •• '», Lk 4*- '»• "■ '='• »), and are based in both on LXX. The 1st quotation is exact in Lk, in Mt longer, and part only, that not common with Lk, varies from LXX ; the 2nd is abbreviated in both, but esp. Mt, which omits the whole clause toD 5ia4>v\d^at oe — 65o7s aoO, Lk retaining the first three words. Both split up the quotation into two parts, Mt adding (coi before iwl, Lk Kal 5ti. The third is exact in both. In the fourth both substitute vpooKw-fiacis for <poPri8^<rti. The kind of assimilation thus exhibited, in con- nexion with the difference in the order of the temp- tations, suggests that in both the quotations were taken, not from LXX, but from some other com- mon source, probably preserved by oral tradition. (c) Original quotations of Mt. These exhibit con- siderable variety of character, 3 onlv (27^" is an interpolation from Jn 19-*) being derived from LXX, 21" [Ps S''] exactly, where Heb. t'y was inappropriate, or at least ambiguous; 1" [Is 7"] (notice, besides the doubtful irap9(vot, (v yaarpl, 'EfifiavovtiX so spelt) with several alterations, prob-
QUOTATIONS
(^UOTATlUXS
187