V. H. Woods.
R
RAAMA (Ksp only 1 Ch 1») or RAAMAH (nc!;-!).— Son of Cush and fat her of Sheba (Saba) and Dedan (Gn 10', 1 Ch P), also mentioned by Ezekiel (27") as a trading community hy the side of Sheba. The LXX (in Gn A '?ena^a; in 1 Ch BA 'Feyfii; in Ezk B 'Papid, AQ 'Payij.d) identified the word with Regma, mentioned as a city hy Ptolemy (vi. 7, 14) on the Persian Gulf, whicli is probably identical with Regma, which Steph. Byz. (ed. Westermann, p. 242) describes as a city or a gulf in the Persian Gulf. This latter form of the word (in most MSS practically indistinguishable from the other) may verj' well he Greek, meaning 'breach.' The above identification is accepted hy most authorities, including Glaser {Skizze, ii. 325), who adds, how- ever (p. 2.'i2), that the name is spelt in inscriptions with a jim. It is at present impossible to say whether there is any connexion between tlie place mentioned hy the Greek geographers and the tribe mentioned in Genesis or not. Dillmann thinks Raama may be the Pa^^iai'irai of Strabo (XVI. iv. 24), in S. Arabia, N.W. of Chatramotitce ( = ]}£idTa,- maut ; see IIazarmaveth).
D. S. Margoliouth.
RAAMIAH (n.-pin ; B JfaoMia, A 'P«XM).— One of the twelve chiefs who returned with Zerubb.ibel, Neh V. In the parallil passage, Ezr 2^, the name is Reelaiah (n.Vy-i, B 'PeeXtid, A 'PeeUas), and in 1 Es 5' llESAlAS (which see). It is impossible to decide with certainty what was the original read- ing, although n'^iii probably represents it more nearly than n-ojn.
RAAMSES, RAMESES (orcvT Ex 1" ; KDy! Gn 47", Ex li2'' ; l..\'.\ 'Pa/ifffff.) [D 0111. in Gn 47"]).— The city of Kaamses was, like Pithoiii, built by the Israelites for the Pharaoh of the Oppression
(Ex I"), who has been shown by Dr. Naville's discovery of the site of Pithom to have been Ramses II. of the 19th dynasty (see Pithom). It was from Raanises or Rameses that the Israelites started when they lied from Eg\pt ; and as the next stage in their journey was Succoth (Ex 12"), Raarases could not have been far from Pithom. It must also have been in the land of Goshen, as is indeed expressly stated in Gn 47", where Goshen is called proleptically ' the land of Rameses.' According to LXX of Gn 46^ ' the land of Rameses' [D om.] included also Heroopolis or Pithom.
Qosem or Goshen was the capital of the 20th nome of Lower Egypt, and is now represented by Saft el-Henna, at the western end of tlie Wady TumUat, north of Belbfis, and a little to the east of Zagazig. The 8th nome, of which Pithom wa« the capital, adjoined the 20th to the east. We should therefore probably look for the site of Raamses somewhere between Belbfis and Tel el- Maskhflta. The latter was identified with Raamses by Lei)sius, and the identification was perpetuated for a time in the name of Ramses given to the place by the French engineers during the construction of the Fresh-water Canal. Dr. Naville's excavations proved, howe\ er, that Tel el-Maskhflta is Pithom, and consequently the site of Raamses must be sought el.sewhere.
The city is mentioned in the Egyptian texts. We learn from them that it was built, like Pithom, by Ramses II., from whom it derived its name; and a letter of the scribe Panbesa, translated by Bnigsch {Ilistory of Egypt, Eng. tr. ii. pp. 96-98) and Goodwin (RP, 1st ser. vi. p. 11 ff.), gives a long and glowing description of it. Its canals are said to be 'rich in fish, its lakes swarm with birdi, its meadows are green with vegetaliles.' The canal
KABBAH
KABBAH
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on tlie banks of wliifli it stood comnmnicated with the sea, and was called Pa-shet-Hor, ' the mere of Horus.' Brugsch at one time wished to identify it ^vith Tanis (Zoan), where there seems to hiive been a Pi-I!amessu or 'temjile of Ramses,' erected by Ramsfs ii., but the discovery of the position of Pithom obliged him to change his mind. An un- edited papyrus in the possession of M. Gol6nischetT, moreover, distinguislies it from Tanis, and places it between Tanis and Zaru (on the eastern frontier) in a list of the towns of the Delta. 'The land of Rameses ' seems to have taken its name from the city.
LiTisR,\TrRK. — Jacques de Roup<i, GftxjrapJiie anciennf de la Bafxe-Efjt/pte, 1S91 ; II. Bniir^rh, Dictionnaire mioqrajihique de fancienne E^upte, 1879 ; Dillinunn-Kjssel on Ex 1^' ; Driver iu Uogiirth's A tttlntrity and ArctujboCogy, lb99, p. 65 ; Bail, Lightjrom Uu tost, p. 109 (. A. U. SaYCE.
KABBAH 1. (.n:-! ; Jos 13^ B 'kpiS, A 'Pa^^d ;
2S 11' 12--'-» 'Po^;3d»: 1 Ch 20> 'PaS^di-; Am 1" 'Po/S/Sd; Jer 49[30]=' 'Va^Sie ■ Ezk 2.5^ rhv w6\iv rod'Aiifiuv), or more fully Rabbath-bene-Ammon = ' Kabbah of the children of Amnion ' (p:;; •;? n--i ; Dt 3" 7) &Kpa Twv l/iux 'A/x/uiK ; 2 S 12'^ 17^, Ezk 2l=» 'Pa(,3)^de vl^v "AM^aii", Jer 4'J[3U]» 'PaySySdO). The chief and, in fact, the only city of the Ammonites mentioned in the OT. It was situ- ated about 25 miles N.E. of the north end of the Dead Sea, in the fruitful valley which forms the upper course of the Jabbok (cz-Zerka), now called the Wufly 'Amman (Buhl, GAP 48, 260 f.). Under Ptolemv n. (Philadelphus) the city was rebuilt and called Philadelphia, but the oririnal name sci-ms never to have been completely Tost, and is still preserved in the modem 'Animun.