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CONCORDANCES
RELIGION OF BABYLONIA
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(2) For the history of Patristic exegesis there is little to enumerate. The present writer is acquainted with nothing in English that goes further than the brief account appended by bishop Lightfoot to his commentary on the Galatians (ed. 5, pp. 227-236): in this, as in every contribution of Lightfoot’s to Patristic studies, new ground was broken, but the material is more abundant now than when he wrote. Much more abundant, therefore, is it than it was when Richard Simon, priest of the Oratory and founder of the science of Biblical Criticism, gave to the world his Histoire critique des principawa conumen- tatewrs du Nouveaw Testament (of which about halt is devoted to the Patristic commentators, Greek and Latin), Rotterdam, 1693 : nor is its age quite the only drawback to its usefulness, since its obvious interest in the Jansenist controversies of its day perhaps detracts something from its critical value. Yet it remains, and always must remain, worthy to be named with Tillemont’s Mémoires as one of the noblest fruits of the rich harvest of French Patristic scholarship in the age of Louis the ee and the present article owes not a little to its inspira- ion.
[Among the friends who have assisted him, the present writer renders his grateful thanks to Dr. Sanday, who has found time to read through the whole of the proofs ; to Mr, E. W. Brooks, who has kindly verified several points in regard to Syriac MSS in the British Museum; and to the Rey. C. Jenkins, who has undertaken most of the thankless task of verifying references. He must make, however, further and special mention of his indebtedness to Dr. G. Mercati of the Vatican Library, to whom he owes not only more information about Vatican Catene than has yet appeared in print, but also a reference to the discovery of Oecumenius’ commentary on the Apocalypse, which has an important bearing on the date of the Oecumenian Catena on St. Paul. The printing of the article had advanced too far for the new information about Oecumenius to be incorporated at its proper place ; and to the same cause is due the insertion, on pp. 520, 521, of the section on Clement of Alexandria, it haying been omitted by the writer’s oversight on p. 489. For these and for any other unevennesses it is hoped that indulgence may be claimed in view of the difficulties attaching to labour in a field where the ground has been left so long untilled].
C. H. TURNER.
CONCORDANCES.— When the minute verbal comparison of one passage of Holy Scripture with another was felt to play a necessary part in arriving at the proportion of faith, and, in later times, at a proper critical treatment of the text, and especially when the Bible was treated more as a whole than as a collection of books of vary- ing dates and composition, the need for more or less exhaustive Concordances was immediately felt, and it was not long before attempts were made to provide for the need. This was ren- dered the more easy by the printing of the text divided into verses as well as chapters. Alpha- betical lists of words occurring in the sacred books were drawn up, as well as lists of the passages in which they occurred, with the salient words of the context, such as are given in Cruden’s Con- cordance to the AV. ‘These lists of words varied in their degree of completeness; but no Con- cordance can reasonably be expected to contain every quotation of every word; ¢.g. in an English Concordance such words as ‘and,’ ‘the,’ ete., are omitted. The interest taken in this accumulation of evidence about the occurrence of words and phrases is testified to by the fact that, for instance, in the case of Concordances to the LXX there are not only several which have been published, but there is certainly one unprinted in the Library of Trinity College, Dublin,* by Dr. Ambrose Aungier, Chan- cellor of St. Patrick’s Cathedral. There is also in existence a MS Hebrew Concordance by Elias Levita, compiled in the 16th century. ater
For the purposes of the present volume it will be useful to supply a list of Hebrew, Greek, Latin, and English Concordances to the Bible, giving the titles of those now most constantly in use, and of some of the earliest ones that seem to have been published. ay
i. HEBREW.—Concordantie sacrorum bibliorum Hebraicorum .. . auctore Mario de Calasio (Rome, 1621) [this was based on Isaac Nathan’s earlier work, which was first published at Venice in 1564, more than a hundred years after its compila- tion]; Fuerst, Librorum Sacrorum Veteris Testa-
* See Hapositor, 5th series, vol. iii. (1896) p. 72.
mentt Concordantie Hebraice atque Chaldaice (Leipzig, 1840); Davidson, Concordance of the Hebrew and Chaldaic Scriptures (Bagster : London, 1876); Mandelkern, Veteris Testamenti Concor- dantie Hebraice atque Chaldaice (Leipzig, 1896). A smaller edition of the last work, without quota- tions, was published at Leipzig in 1897.
ii. GREEK. — (1) SEPTUAGINT. — Concordantic Veteris Testamenti Grece Hebrais vocibus respon- dentes . . . auctore C. Kirchero (Frankfort, 1607) ; Trommius, Concordantice Grece versionis... LXX Interpretum (Amsterdam) ; Handy Concordance of the Septuagint, without quotations (Bagster, 1887). All these are now more or less superseded by Hatch and Redpath’s Concordance to the Septua- gint, and other Greek Versions of the OT (Claren- don Press, 1892-1897), with its two supplemental fasciculi, of which one, containing the proper names, is already published, and the second is on the eve of publication.