It is further to be observed, in the same con- nexion, that even the more vivid words for looking, as a synonym for 'seeing,' 'beholding,' are never used of Christ so as to draw attention to the manner of His look. Such a word, e.g., as drevi^w, ' to gaze fixedly ' (employed to describe a congrega- tion gazing at Jesus, Lk 4^" ; the maid staring at St. Peter, 22''° ; St. Paul flasliing an indignant look at Elymas the sorcerer, Ac 13**), is never associated with our Lord. Even ScapX^-rru, a milder thougli
still pictorial word, is not connected with Him. It is as though every mental image of Christ's out- ward appearance were designedly excluded. We must be content, therefore, to study Christ's look in the more objective sense in which it expresses simply the act of vision. Here we may roughly divide the references into four classes.
1. The look of Christ is sometimes disclosed as an tipward look, expressing dependence on the Father. This uplifted glance is recorded on four occasions — during the miracle of the feeding of the 5000, while giving thanks and blessing the loaves (Mt 14''^) ; in the healing of a man deaf and dumb, when Christ looked up to heaven and sighed (Mk 7^ [in both passages dva^\^\pas ds rbv ovpaubv]) ; in the raising of Lazarus (Jn 11'*^ i^pev tovs dcpdaX/xovs afw) ; and during the great High-Priestly prayer (Jn 17^ ETrdpas TOVS 6(pda\/j,ovs auToD eis fbvovpavbv). In all these instances the action and gesture must have im- printed themselves very deeply on the memory of the disciples. They were an outward sign of a lifelong inward attitude. They evidenced the direction of the appeal which Christ made in His liuman nature to God. Of Him tlie words are pre- eminently true, ' Mine eyes are ever toward the Lord ' (Ps 25^5).
2. The look of Christ is often disclosed as an outward look of calm clear-eyed discernment on the Avorld around Him. ' He beheld {ideuipei) how the people cast money into the treasury' (Mk 12") — appreciating not only the matter of their gift, but the manner of it. He ' entered into the temple, and looked round about upon all things' (Mk IP^ 7rept/3Xei/'d/xej'os iravTo.) ; and it appeared on the fol- loM'ing day how piercing and comprehensive His glance had been (v.^-'"^-). ' He looked up ' (ava^Xexpas) and .saw Zacchaius in his post in the tree (Lk 19^). When the scribes brought Him a crafty question, 'He pei'ceived [Karavoriaas) tlieir craftiness' (Lk 20-^)— 'saw at a glance,' the word might be ren- dered. If there were space to offer a complete list of those things which Jesus is said in the Gospels to have beheld or seen, the impression would at least be strong that those calm eyes missed nothing. Retaining God continually in the field of vision, Jesus' sight was not thereby dimmed, but only purged and purified for all other exercise. On one occasion His disciples were permitted to share a deeper gaze into the world behind the veil — 'And He said unto them, I beheld {ideupow) Satan as lightning fall from heaven ' (Lk 10^*).
3. A special look of Christ is recorded as directed to a man or an audience during the utterance of some ■statement or address. The simplest record of this is when it is said that He ' looked round ' before speaking (Mk 3^'* lO^'* wept^Xe^pd/j.ei'os) ; or that ' he beheld {^/x^Xixpas) them and said ' (Mt 19^6) ; or when more fully St. Luke states in reporting the Sermon on the Mount, ' And he lifted up his eyes (iwdpas TOVS 6(t>6aXixovs) on his disciples, and said' (Lk Q"^^). This is the look of the sower scrutinizing the field. It is a look adding personality to the word spoken. It is a silent ' Verily, verily, I say unto you.' More individual instances of this look are when Jesus ' beheld ' (ifi^Xexf/as) Peter, and said, ' Thou art Simon . . . thou shalt be called Cephas ' ( Jn 1*-) — a look sealing tlie new name upon Peter's heart ; or Mhen He 'beheld' (i/xj3X€\(/as) the chief priests and scribes, ' and said. What is this then that is written ? ' (Lk 20^^) — a grave look of reproach, 'to add solemnity to His reference to their own Scrip- tures.' Christ and His words can never be separ- ated. He is Himself the Word made flesh — the greatest utterance in the greatest Person ; and the language of the Apostles is ' what M'e have seen and heard declare Ave unto you' (1 Jn P).
i. A few passages form a group by themselves, wherein strong feeling is expressed or implied as
LuRD
LURD
OD
accompanying some look of Christ. The most notable instance of this is when ' the Lord turned and looked upon (ev€^\f4>ev) Peter' (Lk 22*'), • Xo word, no gesture of reproach ' ; but
' Oh to render plain, By help of havinfr loved a little and mourned. That look of sovran love and sovran pain '
(Mrs. Brow-ning, Sonnets).
Akin to this is the look directed bj- Jesus upon the young ruler, 'And Jesus beholding (e>3XeYas) him loved him ' (Mk 10^') ; or the look of the King upon Jerusalem, on ' what should have Ijeen the City's bridal day,' ' He beheld {louv) the city, and wept over it' (Lk 19^^). As a last instance, though expressing a veiy different emotion, we may adduce Mk 3* ' He looked round about on them (n-eptSXe-./.d/xei'os aiVoi^s) with anger, being grieved for the hardness of their hearts.' Of Clirist, too, might the words have Ijeen written, He