In the new and enlarged edition of The Lord's Prayer in Five Hundred Languages, comprising the Leading Languages and their Principal Dialects throughout the World, v-ith the Places where Spoken ; with a Preface by Reinhold Rost (London, Gilbert & Rivington, 1905), the Lord's Prayer is given in English in sixteen forms, namely : Charles ii. Prayer-Book, 1662 ; Edward VI. Prayer-Book, 1549 ; as sent from Rome by Pope Adrian, an Englishman, about 1160 ; from two MSS of the 13th cent. ; from Wyclif, about 1380 ; Tindale, 1534 ; Cranmer, 1575 ; Rheims Version, 1582 ; AV, 1611 ; RV, 1881 ; The Twentieth Century ST ; further, in Anglo-Saxon.
A disciple — it is not said whether one of the Twelve — asked Jesus, as He was praying in a certain place, when He ceased, ' Lord, teach us to
Sray, as John also taught his disciples.' That the isciples of Jolin were wont to make praj-ers or supplications, besides their fasting, is told by St.
J.,uke only (5^). On a form of praj'er ascribed to John, see 'Lord's Prayer" (by present writer) in EBi 2817, n. 6, and the Catalogue of the Syriac MSS preserved in the Library of the University of Cambridge (p. 529). There it begins : ' Bright Morning, Jesus Christ, Who wa.s sent by God the Father.' Where hxed forms of praj-er are inu.se, as was the case, it seems, with the Jews in the time of Christ, it is but natural that jjetitions on particular subjects should be added to them ; such additions are mentioned as made, for example, by R. Eliezer and by R. .Johanan (see Lightfoot, Hor. Hcb. on Mt 6, and art. ' Schemone Esre ' in Ham- burger, EE ii. [18S3] 1098).
2. Sources. — The sources whence our ^It. and Lk. took the Lord's Praj-er are quite unknown. The Gospel of Mk., which, according to the common view, was used by our Mt. and Lk., does not give it. On Mk 11-^''-, where Mk. speaks alx)ut prayer, see A. Wriglit, Synojisis-, 1903, p. 115, and Wellhausen, who thinks that Mk. may have known the Lords Prayer as a prayer of the Church, but did not dare to refer it in its wording to Jesus ; the expression (6 Trari/p vfj.Qv) 6 €v Tots ovpavoi9, occurring there, is not found elsewhere in ]Mk. If the first Gospel was originally written in (Hebrew or) Aramaic, its author may have had the Lord's Prayer before him, written or oral, in (Hebrew or) Aramaic, and given it in one of these dialects ; then the translator may have formed the Greek under the influence of Lk. (cf. the hrijmxlcgomcnoyi etnovcrLos). This is the view esi)ecially of Th. Zahn. The opposite \dew, that eTTLova-ios was tir.st coined by ^It. or one of his fellow- workers, is maintained, for instance, by A. Wright, The Gospel acr. to Luke, 1900, p. 102.
3. Text of the Lord's Prayer. — As there are two traditions about the place of origin of the Lord's Prayer, so even its Avording is given in two difi'erent forms. In the Received Text, it is ti'ue, they differ very little ; in the AY, for instance, the variations are but four :
Matthew. Luke.
(1) in earth as it is in heaven. as in heaven, so in earth.
(2) this day. daj" by day.
(3) debts, as we forgive our sins, for we also forgive every
debtors. one that is indebtwl to us.
(4) For thine . . . Amen. omits.
In the Greek TR they differ even less, the first of the above variations has nothing to correspond in Greek. (In ^It. the AV preserved the order of the Pr. Bk. version, which differs both from ^It. and Lk. in the fifth petition, ' trespasses ' against 'debts' and 'sins').
There can be no doubt that in the TR the form of Lk. has been assimilated to that of Mt. The modern critical editions agxee almost to the letter ; see the editions of Scrivener, Weymouth, Nestle. Weiss retained in Mt. the form eXderu instead of iXdcLTw, and the article rijs before yijs. The critical apparatus of Tischendorf and WH [the 2nd ed. of 1896 is enriched by some additional notes] may be supplemented by the following notes :
(1) The Didache (82) has the singular to^ oipxtti; the Apost. Const, in both places, 31* and 7--' (here reproducing the Didache), the plural.
(2) On the form ' veni ad regnum tuum ' in the oldest Latin MS (Cod. Bobbiensis), see F. C. Burkitt {Cambr. i'nic. Reporter, 5th March 1900).
(3) Syr';"r and the Syr. Acts of Thomas have the plural for ' thy win ' as the first hand of Cod. K in Mt 7'-i (ri e£Xf,,uMrci).
(4) On the article for ' on earth,' see EBi 2818 ; on the new punctuation of the third petition, see below.
(5) With Tv;v i<fii>.Y,v of the Didache cf. Mt 1832, and the difference of the singular and plural in German and Dutch : Schuld and Schulden. Two MSS of the Apost. Const, give ■roci>a.rTTuLux.Ttt. = ' trespasses,' xx6u; for a;, and omit the verb. Syriac forms combine ' debts ' and ' sins ' ; see, besides EBi 2818, Burkitt in his ed. of the Etangelion da-Mepharreshe, Mrs. Gibson's ed. of the Didascalia, and Mrs. Lewis' MS of the Acts of Thomas.