5. The variation of title in addressing Jesus sug- gests that in the original language of the Gospels at least two titles were employed. Of these 'Pa/3/3et was one, cf. ' ye call me Master (teacher) and Lord,' Jn 18'^, and the frequent use of ' Rabbi ' in the (iospels. Evidently 'teacher' (StSdcr/caXos) is a translation of 'Rabbi' in some of its forms (21, '31, ]2-\). In 7 places Lk. uses etncrTaTris as a synonym for SiSdcTKaXos (5^ S-^bis.a 933.49 1713)^ ^nd, without doubt, some form of 21 lies behind tliis also. As to the title Kvpios (Lord), which is used so frequently in addressing Jesus, it is most probably a transla- tion of '"13 or NJ"]?. It was a common name for a master, and was used as a title of courtesy. It was used by a servant to a master, by a debtor to a creditor, and by a layman to a learned man. It is possible, however, since many of the people of Palestine were bilingual, that /ci-ptos was used by itself when one who knew Greek spoke to Jesus.
6. We thus suggest a twofold origin of the title as applied to Jesus. First, as the translation of the Aramaic titles in use among the disciples ; and second, as the substitute for xP'0"'"<5s with confes- sional meaning among Gentiles. These distinctions of origin and meaning were soon lost in the gradual but rapid adoption of the title as one expressive of Divine honour. It is possible that this use of the title first became common among Eastern Christians.
7. In regard to the application of Kvpios to God, it may be said that this was entirely due to the influence of Hellenistic Judaism. It is very un- likely that it was in use among Aramaic-speaking Jews at the time of our Lord. In reading the Scriptures in the .synagogue in Hebrew, the name 'nN (Lord) was read wherever the sacred name m.T was found in the text. When it became necessary to translate the Scriptures into Aramaic in public reading, 'nx still took the place of the .sacred name.
LORD'S DAY
LORD'S PRAYER
In quoting from the Scriptures 'mt was not em- ployed for the name of God, but cs^n (' the Name ') in Hebrew, and Ntf in Aramaic. In phrases of OT origin like * the angel of (the) Lord,' the name of God was entirely omitted or merely hinted at.
Literati-re.— Daluian, The WonJs of Jcsm, 324 ; Bruce, Apologetics, 398; Xaville, The Christ, 144; Somerville, St. Paul's Conception of Christ, 29.5 ; Spurgeon, The Jlessiah, 649 : Expository Times, vol. xii. [1901] p. 425 flf., vol. xiii. p. 236 ff., vol. XV. p. 29(5 ff. ; Deissinann, ibid. vol. xviii. p. 195 ff. ; Lexicons of Cremer and Grimru-Thayer, s.v. xipio;. JOIIX REID.
LORD'S DAY.— See Calendar (the Chrlstiax).
LORD'S PRAYER (I.)— 1. Place in NT.— Mt 6'>-^^ Lk IV'^. The former passage has teen more in- fluential in the later histoiy of the Lord's Prayer, but the latter seems to give it in a more historical setting. In the Sermon on the Mount, the Prayer is, to all appearance, a later insertion ; Lk. leads into the neighbourhood of Bethany (10**'^) or Getli- seniane ; see J. A. Robinson, ' On the Locality in which the Lord's Prayer Avas given,' in F. H. Chase, ' The Lord's Prayer in Early Church ' (TS iii. [1891] pp. 123-12o). Not far from the traditional site of Gethsemane, on the slope of the Mount of Olives, stands to-day the Church of the Paternoster, showing in the quadrangle the Lord's Prayer engraved in thirty-two languages.
The Lord's Prayer has been frequenth" published in Polyglot editions ; the oldest at Rome, 1591, in 26 languages ; then bv H. Megiser, Frankfort, 1593, in 40 [2nd ed., 1603, in 50 ; 3rd ed.", Linz, 1616, in 52] ; by Andr. Miiller, 1660, in 100 ; Chamberlayne, 1715, in 150 languages. J. Adelung (Mithridates, 1804-1817) made the Lord's Prayer the basis of a scientific classification of languages. Further Polyglot editions by Bodoni (Parma), J. J. Marcel (Paris), Auer O'ienna), Dalton (St. Petersburg, 1870, in 108 languages of Russia), S. Apostolides (London, no date, in 100 languages, published for the benefit of the poor Cretan refugees now in Greece); The Lord's Pra>/er in Three Hundred Lan- guajes . . . with a Preface by Heinrich Rost, 1891 ; in 300 dialects of Africa, 1900. But most of tliese compilations lack scholarly supervision. A pleasant task would be for a united band of scholars to trace the historic development of those languages for which this is possible, on the basis of the Lord's Prayer, and to show the character of the rest on the same basis. The Lord's Prayer has also been frequently turned into metre and rhyme. Whether there exists a collection of this kind in English, is unknown to the present \\Titer ; in German, cf. Bas Gebet de^ Uerrn: Eine Sammlung metriscker Umschreihtinge a des Vaterunsers, Reutlingen, 1821 ; E. W. Scripture, 'A Record of the Melody of the Lord's Prayer,' in Die neueren Sprachen, ed. by W. Victor, x. 9.
For early English translations of the Lord's Prayer, see Albert S. Cook, ' Study of the Lord's Prayer in English' (.4 );ier. Journ. Philol. vol. xii. pp. 59-66), and Biblical Quotations of Old English Prose Writers (London, 1S98, pp. xxa-, liii, ILx, Lxiv, 147 ff.). Cook refers to Wanley's Catalogus, where separate versions of the Lord's Praver are either given or their existence noted, pp. 51, 160, 169, 197, 202, 221, 224, 239(?), 240, 248. Cook gives the first from JIS. Bodl. Jun. 121. Three poetical para- phrases of the Lord's Prayer of uncertain date are given by Greiss in his Bibliothek der Angelsdchsischen Poesie, ii. 285-290 (new ed. ii. 227-238), the last two published bj- Wanley, Cata- hjgtts, pp. 48 and 147 f., and by Ettmiiller, Scopas and Boceras, pp. 230-237 ; the first by Thorpe, Codex Exoniensis, p. 468 f. On p. 147, Cook gives the Lord's Prayer from wElfric's Homilies, and an isolated quotation in Cnut's Laics (Schmid, Gesetze der Angelsachsen, p. 270). We may quote : ' urne daeghwamlican hlaf ,' ' ure gyltas,' ' on costnunge ' ; ' fram .vfele,' ' hlaf userne oferwistlic,' ' instondenlice,' ' scylda ' (Cook, pp. liii, lix). For the expression 'costnunge,' it is interesting to note that the corre- sponding German word ' Bekorung,' was declared b}- Luther better than the received ' Versuchung.'