^t ^S'o/ ?'iV««rf.-From .hat has been sa^d it will he gathered that the roads ^vme on t e whole safe, and this was indeed the case The pax Romana told against '^"^'^"•I'^f . ^^^i * *^'t a ainst revolt. But there were certain districts wlfere brigandage was a real menace ; one was Ue itauran mountains in the neighbourhood of PisidUm Antioch and Lystra. Notlnng is said in tl e ;"k of Acts about this, but the general refe - ence in 2 Co 1P» serves to fill out the Acts narrative ?cf Pelan^ on 2 Co ll"-^'--'': ' hiec in Ac ibus non Lmnfa I'l^periuntur, quia nee in ,Ep-^" --",>;- qua? ibi scripta sunt continentur ). Ramsay has ^^^.ested iChnrch in the Itoman Ernpue, London 1894, p. 24) that 'perils of robbers' refers to the
our;e^y from Perga >" l'^'"l"y^',\^^[r Th- 1 Taurus to Pisidian Antioch and back again, lliat bii?4nds played a considerable part in the li e of the^ti^ne is shown not only by the story of the Good
Vhi^, Moe'sia, and Thrace may be let out of acc'ount. The remaining countries we shall take
'"(afln Italy the Via Appia ' longarum rcc,ina, „i!,7«;"' (Sl.-J. Silu<e, ii. 2, 12), 'le^-^Y-V:'^" ""the the oldest of the great Uoman roads, hmlt by tit censor .\iipius Claudius Citcus in 312 B.C. 11 leu Home by l\.e Porta Capena in the south and pas e. bv Aricm T'res Tabenue (Ac 28'^), and I'onim Appi S^,r^)' o Tarra^na (Anxur) (modern 'I'en-a-'-a), the ; lite clills of which are often >,'^f>="-<^' *? ^^^ '^;j^y^ authors Up to th s point the road is pcilLciiy s ra "ht having been built over the marshland ..f th^ Campagna." Much of this land is now drained hut with aS yet poor results to agriculture. The buildi ' of tiie road over this country was a great en dnelu-in ' feat for those days. After 1 arracina S'^ourse is inlan.l by Fundi t-'i'-orniue h^ ah^d Lome of the La^strygonian caniuba s i, le yrf-^^«V.
a rTd which ran between Capua and "" eolM-' « •-'8'3) A veneration alter Ins time Domitian built Uie road "called after him Via Domili.nm, direct "m ?'uteoli to Smuessa, -Idchsav-ed the detour necessary before that time. After Capua the \ a T, p alakes its linal inland course, which eventually ends in Brundisium (Brindisi) on the otl.er side of Ue peninsula. The intervening chief stations are Cala^tia Caudium, Beneventuni, ^clan.nn \ en- usia, near which Horace was born, and Jaie turn wliere the sea is at last reached. Hie tei minus B undis un, is attained by a straight road across u'e "heel of the boot.' The classic description of a ourieyon this road by the poet Ho-";« '^'"' 'j- friends (&<. i. 5) will be referre.l to below, lie mi"or anee of this Via Appia cannot be ovei-.rated By it almost every person who \"-'i^e"f ,.'','',^"'="' Rome and the East by sea had to go for pail ot his iourey whether he took ship at Puteoli on he veVt "Jast or at Brundisium on the east. Sucl a trlveOer could avoid it only hy travelling north- ed and taking the overland route (the Wa Eanatia) to Macedonia and 1 brace or e se by following the Via 0.licru,i. and taking ship at Dstia at the mouth of the Tiber. ^Ot'i^i Italian routes had their i™Portance also. Perhaps the greatest of them was the North Road, called the ViSFlaminia, which enters modern Rome by t'te Porta del Popolo, below tlie Pmcian garde s in the N., and corresponds in its Roman part to the modern Corso U,„h;.-to Prima, t 'e Bom M.-eet of Rome The Via Flaminia went by I'alciu, U n- Xn (modern Otricoli, where the famous bust o Jupiter was found), Narnia, Interamna (where the Emperor Tacitus was born), Nuceria, to 1-annn. Fo Uml where it reaches the Adriatic, then along Uie coast through Pisaurum to Annnnum mode. Rimini), its terminus. From Arimmum the Ua ^ started, ami went hy Bonon.a (mo. ern
Bolo.'ua), Mutina (modern M,.dena), P.arma, la- cenh (modern Piacen.a), to Mediolaniun, (modern M lano). A fourth road in Italy was a branch o Via Appia from Capua by Forum PopuU and 1 hum
396
ROADS AND TRAVEL
ROADS AND TRAVEL
to Ad Columnam, whence tlie crossing to Messana (modern Messina) in Sicily was easy. A fifth, the Via Aurelia, ran aUin;; the west coast to Centum CelliB (modern t'ivitii Veccliia), Pisa, Luna (famous for Carrara inarlile) to Genova.
(6) Routes in (Jaul may be briefly referred to. After reachinj; Mihm the traveller had a choice of various Alpine roads, built by Augustus and his successors. For Gaul he would pnibably take that by Susa and the Mont G6n6vre. liy this route the iourney to AreUite (luodern Aries) was only ,303 Roman miles. Another road led by Aujjusta Pnetoria (.-Vosta) and the Little St. Bernard to Vienna (modern Vienne, m\icli less important than its ancient counterpart), and Lugudunum (modern Lyons) and through Genava (modern Geneva) and Vesontio (modern Besanyon) to .\rgentoratuni (Strasbourg, Strassburg). There were also im- portant ro.ads linking up the chief cities in Western Gaul. Gesoriacum (Boulogne-sur-Mer) was the point from which crossings were made to Rutupiaj (Richborough) on the British coast.
(c) For Pannonia and Dalmatia (2 Ti 4^°) on the east side of the Adriatic the traveller went from Bononia (Bologna) to Patauium(Padova)and thence to Aquileia, if he desired a land route. The journey presupposed in 2 Ti 4'" would be undertaken across the Adriatic from Brundisiura to Dyrrhachium (Durazzo), as also the journey to Nicopolis (Tit 3'-).