Adorna. See Catharine of Bologna.
Adraa. See Edret.
Adram'melech (Heb. Adramme'lel; T}^S311X prob. for TfelBtl 11X, glory of the Icing, i. e., of Moloch ; Sept. ' Af>papi\tx\ the name of a deity, and also of a man. See Cuneiform Inscriptions.
1. An idol worshipped by the sacrifice of children in the fire, in connection with Anammelech, by the in- habitants of Sepharvaim, who were transported to Sa- maria by the king of Assyria (2 Kings xvii, 31). Sel- den (J)e Biis Syris, ii, 9) has confounded the two idols, being misled by a corrupt reading of the text (rt?X, god, instead of "^'X, gods of, as in the margin). The above etymology (making the name equivalent to the splendid ting), first proposed by Jurieu (Hist, des cultes, iv, G53) favors the reference of this divinity to the sun, the moon perhaps being denoted by the associated Anammelech (as the female companion of the sun, comp. Rawlinson's Herodotus, i, 611), in general ac- cordance with the astrological character of Assyrian idolatry (Gesenius, Comment, ub. Jesaias, ii, 327 sq.), and seems preferable to the Persian derivation (i. q. adar or azar,Jire) proposed by Reland (Z>c vet. ling. Pers. 9). The kind of sacrifice has led to the conject- ure (Lette,Z)e idolo Adrammelech, in the Bibl.Bremcns. nov. fasc. i, p. 41 sq.) that Saturn is meant ; but Sel- den (De Diis Syris, i, G) and others have identified him with Moloch, chiefly on the ground that the sacrifice of children by fire, and the general signification of the name, are the same in both (see Gregorius, Feuergot- zen d. Samaritaner, Lauban, 1754). Little credit is due to the rabbinical statements of the Bab. Talmud, that this idol was worshipped under the form of a pea- cock, or, according to Kimchi, that of a mule (Carpzov, Apparatus, p. 51G) ; but it is probable that the former notion may have arisen from a confusion with some other ancient idol of the Assyrians of that form. The Yezidees, or so-called devil-worshippers of the same region, appear to retain a striking vestige of such a species of idolatry in their sacred symbol called Melek Tai/s, or king peacock, a name by which the}' personify Satan, the chief object of their reverence (Layard's Nineveh, 1st ser. i, 245; 2d ser. p. 47).
2. A son of Sennacherib, king of Assyria. Both he and Sharezar were probably the children of slaves, and had therefore no right to the throne. Sennacherib, some time after his return to Nineveh, from his disas- trous expedition against Hezekiah, was put to death by them while worshipping in the temple of his god Nisroch ; having accomplished this crime, they fled for safety to the mountains of Armenia, and their brother Elsarhaddon succeeded to the throne (2 Kings xix, 37 ; Isa. xxxvii, 38; comp. 2 Chron. xxxii, 21), B.C. G80.
ADRAMYTTIUM
81
ADRIAN
See Sennacherib. Moses Chorensis (p. GO) calls him Adramelus ; so, also, Abydenus (in Euseb. Chrvn. Ar- men. i, 53), who makes him the son and murderer of Ncrgal, Sennacherib's immediate successor (see Hit- zig, Begriff d. Kritik, p. 194 sq.) ; while, according to Alexander Polyhistor (in Euseb. Chrvn. Arm. i, 43), Sennacherib was assassinated by his son A rdumusanus. Col. Rawlinson (Outlines of Assyrian History, also in the Land. Athenazum, March IS and April 15, 1854) thinks he has deciphered the names of two Assyrian kings called Adrammelech, one about 300 and the other 15 years anterior to Sennacherib ; but neither of them can be the one referred to in Scripture.
Adramyt'tium {AtipafivTTiov or 'Adpauvrrtiov [also 'ArpctfivTTiov, see Poppo's Tkucyd.ii,4Al sq. ; and Adramytleos, Plin. v, 32], in the N. T. only in the adj. 'A^pauvrr>]voQ, Adramyttene), a city of Asia Minor, on the' coast of Mysia, (vEolis, according to Mela, i, 18), and at the head of an extensive bay (Sinus Adramyt- tenus) facing the island of Lesbos and at the foot of Mount Ida. See Mitylene. Strabo (xiii, p. 606) and Herodotus (vii, 42) make it an Athenian colony (comp. Pausan.iv,27,5; Xenoph. Anab. vii, 8, 8; Livy, xxxvii, 19). Stephanus Byzantinus follows Aristotle, and mentions Adramys, the brother of Croesus, as its founder (hence the name). This last is more probably the true account, especially as an adjacent district bore the name of Lydia. According, however, to Eusta- thius and other commentators, the place existed before the Trojan war, and was no other than the Pedasus of Homer (Plin. v, 33). Thucydides (v, 1 ; viii, 108) also mentions a settlement made here by those inhabitants of Delos who had been expelled by the Athenians, B.C. 422. The city became a place of importance under the kings of Pergamus, and continued so in the time of the Roman power, although it suffered severe- ly during the war with Mithridates (Strabo, 605). Under the Romans it was the seat of the Conventus Juridicus for the province of Asia (q. v.), i. e. the court- town of the district (Pliny, v, 32). It is mentioned in Scripture only (Acts xxvii, 2) from the fact that the ship in which Paul embarked at Ca:sarea as a prisoner on his way to Italy, belonged to Adramyttium (irXoiov 'Acpcif.iDTTijvuv v. r. 'ArpajWT)]Vov, see Wetstein in loc). It was rare to find a vessel going direct from Palestine to Italy. The usual course, therefore, was to embark in some ship bound to one of the ports of Asia Minor, and there go on board a vessel sailing for Italy. This was the course taken by the centurion who" had charge of Paul. Ships of Adramyttium must have been frequent on this coast, for it was a place of considerable traffic. It lay on the great Roman road between Assos, Troas, and the Hellespont on one side, and Pergamus, Ephesus, and Miletus on the other, and was connected by similar roads with the interior of the country. The" ship of Adramyttium took them to Myra, in Lycia, and here they embarked in an Alex- andrian vessel bound for Italy (see Conybeare and Howson, Life of St. Paul, ii, 310). Some commmen- tators (Hammond, Grotius, Witsius, etc.) strangely suppose that Adrametum (see Tzchucke, ad Mel. i, 7, 2) in Africa (Plin. v, 3; Ptol. iv. 3; Appian, Syr. xxxiii, 47 ; comp. Shaw, Trav. p. 96 sq.) was the port to which the ship belonged. Adramyttium is still called Edramit or Adramiti (Fellows, Asia Minor, p. 39 ; comp. Pococke, Trav. II, ii, 16). It is built on a