of the priests and prelates of the Church ; for
we know that many scandalous things have been done in this holy see, abuses of spiritual matters, and ex- cesses in ordinances and decrees which have emanated from it," etc. He always refused to advance his own relations to an)' dignity in the Church. After filling the papal chair during twenty months, he died, Sep- tember 1-4, 1523. He was greatly hated by the Ro- mans, whom his dislike to all luxuries and vain ex- penses offended. In December, 1515, when the death of Ferdinand the Catholic was considered to be immi-
ADRIANISTS
8:3
ADULLAM
nent, Adrian was sent by Charles to Castile, and au- thorized to take possession of the kingdom in the name of Charles as soon as Ferdinand should die. On the death of Ferdinand, January 23, 1516, Cardi- nal Ximenez, who, in the will of Ferdinand, had heen appointed regent of Spain until the arrival of Charles, disputed the claims of Adrian, but finally compro- mised the matter by agreeing with him upon a joint administration until they should hear from Charles. Charles decided that Ximenez should remain regent, and that Adrian should be regarded as his ambassador. In the same year (1516) Adrian was made, through the influence of Ximenez, bishop of Tortosa, in Spain, and grand inquisitor of Aragon. The relations of Ximenez and Adrian were, however, not always friend- ly, Adrian striving to obtain a greater influence upon the administration of the kingdom than Ximenez per- mitted ; and when, in 1517, Adrian was made a car- dinal, Ximenez endeavored to make him quit Castile altogether. After the death of Ximenez, November 8, 1517, Adrian was appointed by Charles regent of Spain. On the death of Pope Leo X, Adrian, through the influence of Charles, was made his successor. Adrian greatty misunderstood the character of the Ref- ormation, maintaining that no one seriously believed in the doctrines of the Reformers, and that a removal of the corruption in the Church would put an end to the reform agitation. He proposed to Erasmus to write against Luther. To please Duke George of Sax- ony, he canonized Bishop Benno of Misnia. Adrian was the author of Qucestiones Quodlibttictp, printed at Louvain (1515, Paris, 1516 and 1531), Epistolw, and Bisputatiunes hi lib. quartum Mag'stri Sententiarum, which last work, when pope, he caused to be reprinted, without making any alteration in the opinion he had originally expressed on the papal infallibility, viz., " The pope may err even in what belongs to the faith." A collection of historical papers relating to him may be found in Burmann, Hadrianus VI (Utrecht, 1727, 4to). Ranke gives a very favorable sketch of him {History of the Papacy, i, 75 sq.). — Mosheim, Ch. Hist. cent, xvi, j § 1, ch. ii ; Jovius, Vita Hadriani VI, in his Vita Viror. Illustr. ii, 221 ; Danz, Be Hadriano VI (Jen. 1813).
Adrianists, a name given to certain disciples of Simon Magus, who flourished about A.D. 34. Their name and memory have been preserved by Theodoret, but he gives no account of their origin. It is probable that the}' were a branch of the Simonians, and took their name from some prominent and active disciple. (See Walch, Hist, der Ke/zereien, i, 160.)
Adrichomius, Christian, a Roman Catholic theologian of Holland, born at Delft in 1533, died at Cologne on June 20, 1585. His most celebrated work is the Theatrum Terra; Sancta>, with geographical maps (Colon. 1590), containing very minute descriptions of places mentioned in Scripture, drawn chiefly from the writings of the Fathers and the classics.' — Dupin, Eccl. Writers, 16th cent.
A'driel (Heb. Adriel', "b>^-\yj,JlockofGod; Sept. 'ASpirjX, '£(\ou'/X), a son of Barzillai the Meholathite. Saul gave him in marriage his daughter Merab, who had been originally promised to David (1 Sam. xviii, 19), B.C. cir. 1062. The five sons sprung from this union were taken to make up the number of Saul's de- scendants, whose lives, on the principle of blood-re- venge, were required by the Gibeonites to avenge the cruelties which Saul had exercised toward their race (2 Sam. xxi, 8). See Gibeonite. In this passage the name of Michal occurs as the mother of these sons of Adriel ; but as it is known that Merab was the wife of Adriel, and that Michal never had any children (2 Sam. vi. 23), there only remains the alternative of sup- posing either that Michal's name has been substituted for Merab's by some ancient copyist, or that the word which properly means bare (m?1, yaledah' ' , Sept.
jV«/cf,Vulg. genuerat) should be rendered brought up or educated, as in the Auth. Vers, after the Targum. The Jewish writers conclude that Merab died early, and that Michal adopted her sister's children, and brought them up for Adriel (Bab. Talm. Sanhed. xix, 2); but the word illb^ will not bear this interpretation. — Kit- to, s. v. See Michal.
Adu'el (Acovi)\, prob. for Adiel, q. v.), the son of Gabael, and father of Ananiel, in the ancestry of Tobit (Tob. i, 1).
AdulTam (Heb. Adullam' , 135*12, prob. justice of the people ; Sept. 'OvoWap, Odoltam ; and so in the Apocrypha, 2 Mace, xii, 38, and Josephus, Ant. viii, 10, 1 ; but Adullam'e, 'AiovWaptj in Ant. vi, 12, 3), an old city (Gen. xxxviii, 1, 12, 20) in the plain country of the tribe of Judah (Josh, xv, 35), and one of the royal cities of the Canaanites (Josh, xii, 15). It was one of the towns which Rehoboam fortitied (2 Chron. xi. 7 : Micah i, 15), and is mentioned after the captivity ( Xeh. xi, 30 ; 2 Mace, xii, 38). Eusebius and Jerome (Ono- mast. s. v.) state that it existed in their time as a large village, ten miles to the east of Eleutheropolis, by which (unless, as Reland thinks, Palast. p. 547, they confound it with Eglon) they probably mean north-east (Keil, Comment, in loc. Josh. ; Schwarz, Palest, p. 87), possi- bly at el-Keishum, near Timnath (comp. Gen. xxxviii, 12); or perhaps (see Tobler, Drit. Wandertrng, p. 150) at the present village Beit Via (Van de Velde, Mt moir, p. 282). It is evident that Adullam was one of the cities of "the valley" or plain between the hill coun- try of Judah and the sea ; and from its place in the lists of names (especially 2 Chron. xi, 8), it appears to have been not very far from the Philistine city of Gath.