Andrade, Diogo Payva d', a Portuguese theo- logian, was born at Coimbra in 1528, and became grand treasurer of King John. He distinguished him- self at the Council of Trent, concerning which he wrote Qucesiionuni Orthodoxarum libri x, against Chemnitz Examen Cone. Triel. (Venice, 1 564, 4to) ; also Defensio Fielei Trident, lib. vi (Lisb. 1578, 4to) : De Conciliorum Auctoritate; and several volumes of sermons. He died in 1575.— Alegambe, Bibl. Script. Soc. Jesu; Hoefer, Now. Biog. Generate, i, 533.
Andrade, or Thomas de Jesus, brother of the last, and monk of the Augustine monastery at Coimbra. He laid the foundation in 1578 of the Disealceats. He followed King Don Sebastian into Africa, and was taken prisoner at the battle of Alcacer, August 4, 1578, and thrown by the infidels into a dungeon, where no other light penetrated but that which came to him through the cracks in the door. Here he wrote, in Portuguese, The Labors of Jesus, which obtained great celebrity, and has been translated into Spanish, Ital- ian, and French. He died April 17. 1582, in the place of his confinement, where, in spite of the ransom sent \>y his sister, the Countess of Linhares, he preferred to remain, that he might comfort, during the remain- der of his days, the Christian captives imprisoned with him. Father Alexis de Meneses has written his Life, which is appended to " The Labors of Jesus," printed in 1631. — Landon, Eccles. Diet, i, 350.
Andrea, Jakob, a celebrated Lutheran theologian, born at Waiblingen, in Wiirtemberg, March 25, 1528. In 1543 he took the degree of B.A. in the University of Tubingen, and in 1553 that of doctor in theology. In 1546 he became deacon in Stuttgart; and when the Spanish troops took the town, he alone, of all the Protestant pastors, remained. In 1555 and 1556 he labored successfully in planting the Reformation in Oettingen and Baden. In 1557 he attended the diets of Frankfort and Ratisbon, and was one of the secre- taries at the Conference of Worms. In 1557 he pub- lished his work De Coma Domini, and in the year fol- lowing he published a reply to the work of Staphylus (who had gone over to the Roman Church) against
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Luther, in which that writer had made a collection of the various opinions of all the different Protestant sects, and attributed them to Luther as the origin of all. In 1562 he was made professor of theology and chancellor of the University of Tubingen. He went, in 1563, to Strasburg, where Zanchius had been pro- pounding the doctrine that the elect cannot fall from grace, sin as they will, and persuaded Zanchius to sign a confession of faith which he drew up. See Zan- chius. During the next eight years be travelled largely in Germany and Bohemia, consolidating the Reformation. In 1571 he combated the notion of Flaccius Illyricus that sin is a substance. But the most important labor of his life was his share in the prepa- ration of the Formula Concordia, composed by a meet- ing of divines at Torgau, 157G, and revised in April, 1577. at the monastery of Berg, by Andrea, Chemnitz, and Selnekker. This Liber Bergensis was accepted by Augustus, elector of Saxony, who caused his clergy to sign it, and invited those of other German states to sign also. Many refused. The book, previously re- vised by Musculus, Cornerus, and Chytraeus, with a preface by Andrea, was printed in 1579. (See Francke, Libri Symbolici, part iii, Prolegom. ; and see Formu- la Concordle.) It is thoroughly polemical, on the Lutheran side, against the Calvinistic view of the sac- raments. An account of the controversies caused by the Formula is given by Mosheim (Ch. Hist. cent, xvi, sec. iii, pt. ii. ch. i). Andrea labored earnestly to gain general assent to the Formula ; for five years he trav- elled widely, conferring with princes, magistrates, and pastors. In 1583 and 1584 he labored at a voluminous work on the ubiquity of Christ. In 158(3 he disputed with Beza at the colloquy of Montbelliard, and died at Tubingen Jan. 7. 1590. He wrote more than one hundred and fifty different works, chiefly polemical —Mosheim, Ch. Hist. cent, xvi, pt. ii, ch. i, § 38-40; Niedner's Zeitsclirift, 1853, Heft iii ; Herzog, Real- Encyklopadie, s. v.
Andreae, Abraham, Lutheran archbishop of Up- sala, a nati%-e of Angermannland, died in 1G07. "While rector of the university of Stockholm he offended King John, the son of Gustavus Wasa, who washed to re- establish the Roman Catholic Church in Sweden. In order to escape imprisonment he fled to Germany, where he spent thirteen years, during which time he published most of his works. In 1593, after the death of John, and during the absence of Sigismund, his suc- cessor, who was at the same time king of Poland, the Swedish clergy met at Upsal, resolved to maintain the Confession of Augsburg, and unanimously elected An- dreae archbishop. King John Sigismund, on his ar- rival at Stockholm, had to confirm the election, and he was crowned by Andreae. Duke Charles, the prince regent of Sweden, charged him with reorgan- izing the church affairs ; but on the tour which he un- dertook to this end he raised the indignation of the people by his rigor, and incurred the displeasure of the regent. Being moreover accused of a secret under- standing with Sigismund, he was deprived of his office and imprisoned in the Castle of Gripsholm, where he died. Andreae wi-ote a work against the Adiaphorists {Forum A diapkororum, Wittenberg, 1587, 8vo), with several other works. He also translated a commen- tary on Daniel by Draconitis, and published several works of his father-in-law, Laurentius Petri de Nerike. — Hoefer, Biog. Can rale, ii, 574.