Loin (probably) of Ariarathes V.
two, lover of his father), who reigned B.C. 163-130, called Mithridatcs before his accession (Diod. xxxi, or vol. x, p. 25, ed. Bip.), who was supported by Attalus II in his contest with the pretendent to the throne, Holofernes or Orophernes (Polyb. iii, 5; xxxii, 20; Appian, Syr. 47 ; Justin, xxxv, 1), but was hard press- ed by the Syrian King Demetrius. Having been re- instated on his throne by the Romans, among whom he had been brought up (Liv. xlii, 19), he sent his son Demetrius, in connection with Attalus of Pergamos, to assist Ptolemy Philometor against the usurper Alex- ander Balas, B.C. 152 (Justin, xxxv, 1). See Alex- ander. After a reign of thirty-three years he fell in battle, B.C. 130, while aiding the Romans against Aris- tonicus, prince of Pergamos, who had inherited the throne of his father Attalus III (Justin, xxxvi, 4; xxxvii, 1 ; Liv. Epit. 59). Letters were addressed to him from Rome in favor of the Jews (1 Mace, xv, 22), who in after times seem to have been numerous in his kingdom (Acts ii, 9 ; comp. 1 Pet. i, 1).
Arias Montanus (Benedict), a Spanish priest and Orientalist, born in Estremadura (in a mountain- ous district, whence the name Montanus) in 1527, of noble but poor parents. He distinguished himself early by his acquaintance with the Oriental languages, and was ordained priest in the order of St. James, of which he had become a clerk. The bishop of Segovia took him with him to the Council of Trent, after which Arias retired to the monastery of Our Lady " de los Angelos," in the mountains of Andalusia, whence, however, he was recalled by King Philip II, to labor at the new Polyglot Bible, which he was causing to be made after that of Alcala, at the suggestion of the celebrated printer Plantin. This Bible was printed at Antwerp, in 1571, under the title Biblia Sacra, He- braice, Chaldaice, Greece, et Latine, Philippi II, Regis Catholici Dictate et Studio ad Sacrosanctm Ecclesia JJsum Chph. Plantinvs excudebat (8 vols. fob). The " Polyglot" in every respect justified the high ex- pectation which had been formed of it ; but in a voy- age from the Netherlands to Spain nearly all the copies were lost. The king remunerated Arias's la- bors by giving him a yearly pension of 2000 ducats, besides other honorary rewards and lucrative offices. Arias was an upright, sincerely orthodox Romanist, but he was a declared enemy of the Jesuits, and that
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ambitious order omitted no opportunity to take revenge on so dangerous a foe — the more powerful because his orthodoxy had never been questioned, and was sup- ported by uncommon erudition. He was accused of Judaism because he had inserted in the Polyglot cer- tain Chaldee paraphrases, which tended to confirm the Jews in their errors. He made many voyages to Rome to justify himself, and in 1580 was honorably dismiss- ed, and died at Seville in 1598, prior of the convent of St. Jago. Arias's numerous and extensive literary works chiefly belong to theological, but partly also to classical literature, but his Polyglot certainly holds the principal place; it is generally called the "Ant- werp Polyglot," or, from the patronage bestowed on it by Philip II, " Biblia Regia," and sometimes also, after the printer, " Biblia Plantiniana."
Ariath, a city mentioned in the Notitia Ecclesiastica, and thought by Porter (Damascus, ii, 1SG) to be the present large city Art/, near]}- three hours north of Busrah, at the west base of the Hauran mountains (Van de Yelde, Memoir, p. 288).
Arid'ai (Heb. Aridity', h5"1'?'Si 0I" Persian origin, perhaps meaning strong ; Sept. 'Apaaioc), the ninth of the ten sons of Hainan, slain by the Jews of Baby- lonia (Esth. ix, 9). B.C. cir. 473.
Arid'atha (Heb. Aridatha ', Xn'l'niSt, same ety- mol. as Aridai ; Sept. Zap/Sav/i v. r. SapfiaKa), the sixth of the ten sons of Human, slain by the Jews in Babylonia (Esth. ix, 8). B.C. cir. 473."
Ari'eh. (Heb. Aryeh', only with the art., rP'nXSl, the lion ; Sept. 'Apia), the name apparently of one of the body-guard slain with King Pekahiah at Samaria (2 Kings xv, 25). B.C. 757. See Argob.
A'riel (Heb. Ariel', iap'lN, Sept. 'Apn)\), a word meaning "Hon of God," and correctly enough render- ed by "lion-like" in 2 Sam. xxiii, 20; 1 Chron. xi, 22. It was applied as an epithet of distinction to bold and warlike persons, as among the Arabians, who sur- named Ali "The Lion of God" (Abulf. Ann. i, 96; Bochart, Hieroz. i, 71G). Others, as Thenius, "Winer, Fiirst, look upon it in these passages as a proper name, and translate "two [sons] of Ariel," supplying the word "^S, which might easily have fallen out. See Areli.
. 1. One of the chief men sent for by Ezra to procure Levites for the services of the sanctuary (Ezra viii, 1G). B.C. 459.
2. The same word is used as a local proper name in Isa. x.xix, 1, 2, 7, applied to Jerusalem, " as victorious under God," says Dr. Lee; and in Ezek. xliii, 15, 16, to the altar of burnt-offerings. See Harel. In this latter passage Gesenius (Thes. Heb. p. 147) and oth- ers, unsatisfied with the Hebrew, resort to the Arabic, and find the first part of the name in Ari, fire-hearth (cognate with Heb. "'X, light, i. e. fire), which, with the Heb. El, God, supplies what they consider a more satisfactory signification (but see llavernick, Comment. in loc). It is thus applied, in the first place, to the altar, and then to Jerusalem as containing the altar. Henderson gives the word this etymology also in the passage in Isa. (see Comment, in loc).