Arindela (ru 'Apivfa\\a), an episcopal city of the Third Palestine of considerable importance, noticed in the early ecclesiastical lists (Reland, Pattest, p. 533, 581); identified by Dr. Robinson {Researches, ii, 406) with the site Ghurundel, near the south-east corner of the Dead Sea,"consisting of considerable ruins on the slop.:- of a hill, near a spring.
A'rioch (Heb. Aryoh' ' , 7ph"iX, from the Sanscrit Arjalca, venerable, or perhaps from the Heb. ^X, a lion; Sept. 'Apitl>x [v- r- i" Dun. 'Apiiox>lc, in Tob. Ei'ptojy], Josephus Api'oiivoc, Ant. i, 0, 1 ; 'Apioxoe,, Ant. x, 10, 2), the name of two men and one place.
1. A king of Ellasar, confederate with Chedorlao- mer against Sodom and Gomorrah (Gen. xiv, 1, 9), B.C. cir. 2080 (Jour. Sac. Lit. Jan. 1862). See Lot.
2. The captain of the royal guard at the court of Babylon, into whose charge Daniel and his fellow youths were committed (Dan. ii, 14). B.C. 604.
3. A "plain" of the Elymaians (? Persians), men- tioned in the apocryphal book of Judith (i, 6) as fur- nishing aid to Arphaxad in his contest with Nebuchad- nezzar; supposed by Grotius to mean the Oracana ('Ort«Koi'tt) of Ptolemy (vi, 2, 11), but more probably borrowed from the first of the above names (see Fritzschc, Handb. in loc).
Aris'ai (Heb. Arisay' , "^IX, from Sanscrit Ar- jasay, arrow of Aria; Sept.'Pov0rri>oc v.v.'Vov^cnoc), the eighth of the ten sons of Hainan slain by the Jews Of Babylonia (Esth. ix, 9). B.C. cir. 473.
Aristar'chus (Apiarapxoc, best ruler, a frequent Greek name), a faithful adherent of the Apostle Paul in his labors. A.D. 51-57. He was a native of Thessa- lonica, and became the companion of Paul in his third missionary tour, accompanjing him to Ephesus, where he was seized and nearly killed in the tumult raised by the silversmiths (Acts xix, 29). He left that city with the apostle, and accompanied him in his subse- quent journeys (Acts xx. 4), even when taken as a prisoner to Rome (Acts xxvii, 2); indeed, Aristarchus was himself sent thither as a prisoner, or became such while there (Philem. 24), for Paul calls him his "fel- low-prisoner" (Col. iv, 10). The traditions of the Greek Church represent Aristarchus as bishop of Apamea in Phrygia, and allege that he continued to accompany Paul after their liberation, and was at
length beheaded along with him at Rome in the tkne of Nero. The Roman martyrologies make him bishop of Thessalonica. — Kitto, s. v.
Aristeas (Apio-tac) or Aristaeus ('ApioTcuoc), a Cyprian by. nation, was a high officer at the court of Ptolemy Philadelphus, and was distinguished for his military talents. Ptolemy, being anxious to add to his newly-founded library at Alexandria (B.C. 273) a copy of the Jewish law, sent Aristeas and Andreas, the commander of his body-guard, to Jerusalem. They carried presents to the Temple, and obtained from the high-priest, Eleazar, a genuine copy 'of the Pentateuch, and a body of seventy elders, six from each tribe, who could translate it into Greek. On their arrival, they are said to have completed the Alexandrian version of the Old Testament, usually termed the " Septua- gint" from the number of translators. The story about the translation rests chiefly on the reputed letter of Aristeas himself, but it is told, with a few differences, by Aristobulus, the Jewish philosopher (Euseb. Prop. Ev. xiii, 12), by Philo Judreus (Vit. Mas. 2), and Jo- sephus (Ant. xii, 2) ; also by Justin Martyr (Cohort, ad Grcec. p. 13 ; Apol. p. 72 ; Dial, cum Tryph. p. 297), Irenaeus (Adv. Haer. iii, 25), Clemens Alexandrinus (Strom, i, 250), Tertullian (Apolog. 18), Euseb. (Preep. Ev. viii, 1), Athanasius (Synop. S. Scrip, ii, 156), Cyril of Jerusalem (Catech. p. 36, 37), Epiphanius (De Mens, et Pond. 3), Jerome (Prcef. in Pentateuch; Qucest. in Gen. Procem.'), Augustine (De civ. Dei, xviii, 42, 43), Chrysostom (Adv. Jud. i, 443), Hilary of Poictiers (In Psalm. 2), and Theodoret (Prcef. in Psalm.). The let- ter was printed, in Greek and Latin, by Schard (Basil. 1561, 8vo) ; reprinted at Oxford (1692, 8vo) ; best ed. in Gallandii Biblioth Patr. ii, 771 (Fabricii Bill. Gruc. iii, 669; in Engl, by Lewis (Lond. 1715, 12mo). See Fiirst, Bib. Jud. i, 51 sq. Comp. Septuagixt.
Aristides, an Athenian philosopher, who became a Christian, without, however, forsaking his original profession. He presented to the Emperor Adrian, at the same time witli Quadr^tus, an Apology for the Christian Faith, which existed in the time of Eusebius and Jerome, and even as late as that of Usuardus, and Addo of Vienne, if the account given of the passion of St. Dionysius the Areopagite majr be relied on. Aris- tides flourished about A.D. 123. Jerome says that his Apolog}' was filled with passages from the writings of the philosophers, and that Justin afterward made much use of it. He is commemorated August 31st. — Cave, Hist. Lit. anno 123 ; Euseb. Hist. Eccl. lib. iv, cap. iii ; Lardner, Works, ii, 308 ; Fabricius, Bib. Grcec. vi, 39.
Aristobu'lus (Apicrro/^otAoe, best counsellor, a frequent Grecian name), the name of several men in sacred history.
1. A Jewish priest (2 Mace, i, 10), who resided in Egypt in the reign of Ptolemy (VI) Philometor (eomp. Grimm, 2 Mace, i, 9). In a letter of Judas Macca- boeus he is addressed (B.C. 165) as the representative of the Egyptian Jews ('ApujToiSovXqj . . . Kai rote tv Aly. 'lovo. 2 Mace. 1. c), and is further styled " the teacher" (ci?daKa\og, i. e. counsellor?) of the king. Josephus makes no mention of him ; and the genuine- ness of the letter itself is doubtful (De Wette, Einh it. i,413); yet there may have lived at this time an emi- nent Jew of this name at the Egyptian court. Some have thought him identical with the peripatetic phi- losopher of the name (Clem. Alex. Str. v, 98 ; Euseb. Prap. Ev. viii, 9), who dedicated to Ptol. lhilomctor his allegorical exposition of the Pentateuch (UifiXovc, ibrpjTtKac. too Movviwc vopov, Euseb. Hist. Eccl. vii, 32). Considerable fragments of this work have been preserved by Clement and Eusebius (Euseb. Prap. Evang. vii, 13, 14; viii (8), 9, 10; xiii, 12; in which the Clementine fragments recur) ; but the au- thenticity of the quotations has been vigorously con- tested. It was denied by E. Simon and especially by Hody (De bill. text. on'g. p. 50 sq. Oxon. 1705), who was answered by Valckcnaer (Diatribe de Aristo~