CaesariuB, St., of Arles, was bom in 469 at Cha- lons-sur-Saohe. He early developed monkish tenden- cies, and privately withdrew from his parents to the monastery of Lerins, where he was appointed to the office of cellarer. Afterward, falling ill from extreme asceticism, he was obliged to> remove to Aries, and was beloved by Eonius the bishop, whom, in 502, he suc- ceeded in the see of Aries. He died in 542, leaving nuiny homilies, containing evidence of much piety combined with great superstition. A volume of them was edited by Stephen Baluse (Paris, 1669, 8vo). The others are givea in the Biblioth, Patnm, viii, 819, 860, and xxvii, 324. His Regula Afonackorum (contained in Holstenii Codex Regul, Monad, Rome, 1661) was adopted b^ many convents, and often used by the founders of orders. Monks and nuns of St Casarius existed until the rule of Benedict was generally adopt- ed. A graphic sketch of his life and labors is given i
by Neander, Light in Dark Placet, p. 50.— Moshehn, Ch, HitL 1, 164, 166; Neander, Ch. Hist, ii, 261, 801, 650 ; Cmto, Hist, Lk, anno 502.
CaBsarius of Heisterbach, a preacher and his- torian of note, in 1199 became a Cistercian monk in the monasteiy of Heisterbach, in the diocese of Co> logne. He became eventually prior of the convent of the Valley of St. Peter, near Bonn. He lived until the year 1227, but when he died is unknown. His writings are, 1. De miracttU* et visionibuM md temporit (chiefly in Germany, Cologne, 1591, 8vo); the first edition is without name of place or date : — 2. Vita 8. EngtWerti archiep. Colon, (Cologne, 1633, and in Sari- ns, November 7th) : — 8. HomUia, edited under the title of FaseicuU Moralitatit, by Coppenstein (Cologne, 1615): — 4. Catalogue EpUcopomm Cohnieneium, pub- lished, with a continuation by another author, in vol ii of the Pontes Rerum German, (1845) : — 5. An ined- ited Vita 8, Elitabetha is preserved among the man- uscripts of the library of Brussels. Many of his ser- mons are highly praised for their evangelical tone, as well as for their eloquence. His De MiraatKe affords a graphic picture of the state of his times. See Kauff- mann, Cauariut v, Heisterbach (K6ln, 1850); Cave, Hid, Lit, anno 1225 ; Hersog, Real-Encs/klop, ii, 490.
CasBarius of Nazianzus, a younger brother of Gregory Nazianzen, was educated first at Alexandria, whence he proceeded to Constantinople, where he ol>- tained high honors, resisted the attempts of the Em- peror Julian to win him frY>m the faith, and died under Yalens in 868. He was distinguished for his profi- ciency in physics and mathematics. Gregoiy deliver- ed his ftineral sermon (Oratio J\mAri» in Icmdem €»• earUJhztrie, Or. viii), in which his piety and devotion are lauded. According to Suidas, he wrote qgntra Gen- tee, and four Dialogues are given as his in the Latin editions of St. Gregory and in the BibHotheoce Patnm. — Ullraann, Life of Grtgorg, p. 182; Cave, Hiet, Lit, anno 862.
CsBsezmioB. See P.stus.
Cage (^^^3, kelub\ ^vkaicri). Bird-cages are named in Jer. v, 27 ; Rev. xviii, 2 ; and are perhaps Implied in Job xli, 5, where " playing with a bird** is
CAIANS
11
CAIAPHAS
mentioiied. SeeBiBD. In the fint of these passages the Sept. renders it by wayic, a marey implying that it ma used for holding decoys with which to entrap other birds nntil the cage was full — an idea which tlie derivation of the Heb. word confirms (from !1^!3, to dap together by the shutting of the valves or trap). Tfab interpretation is therefore better than that of the margin, ''coop," or tliat of the Talmud, *^a place of &ttenxng," implying that it was nsed for holding wild or tame fowls until they became fit for the table. The sauie article is reforred to in Eoclns. xi, 80^ under the term copraXXoc, which is elsewhere used of a taper- ing basket. See FowLnro. In Rev. xviii, 2, the Greek term Is ^vXor^, meaning a prison or restricted habitation rather than a cage. This just suffices to ihow tiiat the ancient Israelites kept birds in cages; bc^we have no farUier information on the subject, nor iny allusionB to the singing of birds so kept. The cages were probably of the same forms which we still observe in the East, and which are shown in the an- oexfid engraving. It is remarkable that there is no
If odem Oriental Wicker Bird-cftgea.
appearance of bird-cages in any of the domestic scenes which are portrayed on the mural tablets of the Egyp- tians. In Amos Tiii, 12, the same word kelub' denotes afroit-baaket, so called, doubtless, from its resemblance to a cage. See Babket.
Caians (I.), a name given by Ireneus, Epiphani- oa, and Theodoret to a sect of Ophites, whom modem writers call more correctly Cainites (q. v.). (II.) A sect mentioned by Tertullian, which rejected the doc- trine of baptism. It is doubtful whether thb sect is identical with the preceding. Tertullian mentions a certain Quintilla as the founder, and some have con- cfaided from this that the sect is identical with the Qnintillians (q. v.).-
Cai'aphas (Kdid^ac, perhaps from^the Chald. KBT^, <iepres»on), called by Jos^phns {ArU, xviii, -2, 2) JoKpA Caiapkas (litMniwoc, 6 leai Kam^c)) was high^iriest of the Jews in the reign of Tiberius Ctesaf , at the beginning of our Lord's public ministry (Luke ^ 2), A.D. 25, and also at the time of his condenma- tion and crucifixion (Matt xxvi, 8, 57 ; John xi, 49 ; XTfii, 13i 14, 24, 28; Acts iv, 6), A.D. 29. The Pro- curator Valerius Gntus, shortly before his leaving the province (A.D. 25), appointed him to the dignity, which was before held by Simon ben-Camith. He held it daring the wliole procuratorship of Pontius Pilate, but soon after his removal from that office was deposed by &e Proconsul Yitellios (A.D. 86), and succeeded by Jonathan, son of Ananus (Joseph. AnL xviii, 4, 8). Some in the ancient Church confounded him with the historian Josephus, and believed him to have become a convert to Christianity (Assemani, BibUoth, Orient. % 166). His wife was the daughter of Annas, or Ana- noa, who had formeriy been high-priest, and who still possessed great influence and control in sacerdotal mat- ters, several of his family successively holding the high-priesthood. The names of Annas and Caiaphas are coupled by Luke, "Annas and Caiaphas being the hi^hijiriests ;*' and this has given occasion to no snudl anotrnt of discussion. Some maintain that Annas and Caiaphas then discharged the functions of the high- frietthood by turns; but this is not reconcilable with the statement of Josephus. Others think that Caia- phas is eoOed high-priest, because he then actuall}' ex- ercised the fanctions of the office, and that Annas is