CoLiififCffi?ar%n Pilenitiw,
CflBsarea is the scene of several interesting circnm- stanoes described in the New Testament, such as the conversion of Cornelius, the first-fruits of the GentUes (Acts x) ; the residence of Philip the Evangelist (Acts xxi, 8). It was here also, in the amphitheatre boilt by his grandfather, that Herod Agrippa was smitten of God and died (Acts xii, 21-28). From hence the apostle Paul sailed to Tarsus when forced to leave Jerusalem on his return from Damascus (ix, 80), and at this port he landed after his second missionary journey (xviii, 22). He also spent some time at Caesarea on his re- turn fh>m the third missionary journey (xxi, 8, 16), and before long was brought back a prisoner to the same place (xxiii, 28, 83), where he remained some time in bonds before his voyage to Italy (xxv, 1, i, 6, 18). After the destruction of Jerusalem, Cesarea became the spiritual metropolis of aU Palestine ; but, since the beginning of the 5th century, when the land was divided into three |»Y)vinces, Palestina Prima, Se- cunda, and Tertia, it became the capital of only the first province, and subordinate to the bishopric of Je- rusalem, which was elevated into a patriarchate with the rights of primacy over " the three Palestines." Cesarea is chiefly noted as the birthplace and episco- pate of Eusebins, the celebrated Church historian, in
C^SAREA (
the baginiiliig of tiie 4th century, and was conspicoont far the oonstuicy of its martyrs and confessors in the Tsrioas penecotions of the Chnrch, especially the last (Eoseb. BitL EeeL vili, s. f.). It waS'Slso the scene of fome of Orig<en*s labors and the birthplaoe of Pro-, copins. It co^inned to be a city of some importance eren in the time of the Crasades. It still retains the ancient name in Uie Ibrm of JratsenyeA, but has long been desolate. The most conspicuous ruin is that of an old castle at the extremity of the ancient mole. A great extent of ground is covered by the remains of the dty, A k>w wall of gray stone encompasses these ruins, and without this is a moat now dry. Be- tween the accumulation of rubbish and the growth of long grass, it is difficult to define the form and na- toie of Sm various ruins thus enclosed. Nevertheless, the remains of two aqueducts, running north and south, are still visible. The one next the sea is carried upon hi^ arches; the lower one, to the eastward, carries its waters akmg a low wall in an arched channel five or six feet wide. The water is abundant and of excel- lent quality, and the small vessels .of the country often pot in here to take in their supplies. Casarea is, ap- parently, never Aneqnented fbr any other purpose ; even As high-road leaves it wide ; and it has not been vis- ited by most of the numerous travellers in Palestine. The present tenants of the ruins are snakes, scorpions, lizards, wild boars, and jackals. — Kitto ; Smith. See G.Bobinson's TraveU, i, 199; Bartlett*s JenuaUm, p. 6; Tnill*s Jo$ephu8, p. xlix; Conyheare and How- MD*s Life andEputlei o/8L Paul, ii, S79; BosenmQller, AUerIk, II, ii, 826 sq. ; Beland, Pdoit. p. 670 sq.; Otho^ Lex Babb. p. 106 sq. ; Thomson, Land anid Book^ fi, 2M sq. ; Bitter, ErdL xvi, 598 sq. ; Wilson, Bible Lmdi, ii, 250 sq. ; Prokesch, Rem, p. 28 sq. ; Sieber, De Cmtarea Palestinm EpitcopU (Lips. 1784) ; ^VHltsch, (kograpk9(md8laLqftkeChMrdi,i^f^,n^eq,
CfiSAREA, CCTJCILS OF. Several councils hare been held at this place. The most important are, 1, in 884, an Arian ooundl, against Athanasins ; 2, in 858, in which Cyiil (q. v.), bishop of Jerusalem, was depoeed.-^mtUi, Tdbikt o/ChurthHui, ; Landon, Man- mdofCoimcib.
2. Cjssabea Phtlifpi, or " Casarea of Philip" (Koiaopfui 17 ^tXimrov, so Joseph. AnL xx, 8, 4; IFor, iii, 8, 7; 2, 1; Enseb. Hist, EccL vii, 17), as having been in later times much enlarged and beautified by Phifip the tetrarch (Joseph. Ant. xviii, 2, 1 ; War, ii, 9, 1), who called it Casarea in honor of Tiberius the emperor, adding the cognomen of Philippi to distin- gn^ it from Cesarea of Palestine. It was also known as Casabea-Paicbas (Kaurapua Ilaveac or Xlovcac, Joseph. Ant, xviii, 2, 8; War, ii, 9, 1; Ptolemy, v, 15, fl ; PHny, v, 15, 15 ; Sozomen, v, 21 ; on coins, K. inrb Uaytu^ or trpbg Tlavdij ; in Steph. Byz. incor- rectly irpoc ry UcnfudSi), or simply Panias (Ilaveac, Jlayiac, or Xlovccac, HierocL p. 716), its original name (Joeeph. AnL xv, 10, 8 ; comp. Pliny, v, 15 ; Ilavatc in Cedren. p. 805; Samar. DK'<3B); from the adjohi- ing mountain Panhu (Udvtov or Ilaveiov), which, wi^ the spring therein, was dedicated to the heathen Pm (Philostorg. vii, 8), and which latter name had alone been retained in the present name Bamas (Burck- hardt, i, 90 ; comp. Targ. «Tonath. on Num. xxxiv, 11) ; being, according to many, no other than the early Lush (q. v.) of Dan (Judg. xviii, 7, 29), or Lesheu (Joeh. xix, 47 ; oomp. Theodoret, Quiet, in Judic, 26). Csasrea Aiilii^fis mentioned only in the first two Goq^ (Matt, xvi, 18; Hark viii, 27), and in accounts of ^ same transactions. The story of the early Chris- tian writers that the woman healed of the issue of blood, snd suf^xMed to have been named Berenice, lived at this place, rests on no foundation (Euseb. HitL Bed, vii, 18 ; Sbzom. v, 21; Theophan. Cknmogr.41i Phot Cod, 271, p. «28).