Additional treatises : Stockmann, De Caino pramo' nito (Jen. 1792); Danz, id. (ib. 1681, 1782); Bosseck, De sacrificm Caud et ffabd (Lips. 1781) ; Niemeyer, Ckarakt. ilf 67 sq. ; Buttmann, Mythol. i 164 sq. ; Otho, Lex. Rab. p. 109 sq. ; Eisenmenger, Enid. JudetUk. i, 462, 471, 8S2, 836 ; Hottinger, Eist. OrientaUs, p. 26 ; ffamb. verm. BibUoth. li, 946 sq. ; Sack, in the Brem, u. Verd. Biblioth. I, iii, 61 ; Bosenmilller, Scholia, in loc. Gen. ; Philo, 0pp. i, 186; Whately, Prototypes, p. 16 ; Dupin, Nouv. Bibl. p. 4; Kitto, Daily Bible lUutt. in loc ; Evans, Script. Biog. ii, 1 sq. ; Hunter, Sac. Biog. p. 17 sq. Siee Mdbdeb.
2. (Heb., with the article, hah-Ka'yin, X^'gn, = "the lanoe;** but may be derived trom Jg, hen, "a nest," possibly in allusion to its position ; Sept. 7,aKavatfi v. r. YjavijaKeifji, by including the name preceding ; Yulg. Accain.) One of the cities in the low country (Shefe- lah) of Judah, named with Zanoah and Gibeah (Josh. XV, 66) ; apparently the modem village Tukin, a short distance south-east of Hebron (Van de Yelde, Memoir, p. 800), now a Mohammedan station, said to be the place where Lot stopped after his flight fh>m Sodom (Robinson, Remxrchet, ii, 190).
Cai^'nan (Heb. K^fnan', ■jD"'^, derivation ambigu- ous, as in the case of "Cain" [q. v.], and signifying either jx>MMior [so Furst] or forgeman [so Gesenius] ; Sept. KaiVav, but Yicuvav in Chron. and N. T. ; Jose- phus KaiVac, ^^-h^^\ the name of one or two men.
1. The fourth antediluvian patriarch, being the (old- est) son of Enos (who was 90 years of age at his birth), B.C. 8846. He was himself 70 years old at the birth of his (first) son Idahalaleel, B.C. 8776, after which he lived 840 years, and died B.C. 8081, aged 910 (Gen. v, 9-14). See LoNOEvmr. The rabbinical tradition was that he first introduced idol-worship and astrology — a tradition which the Hellenists transferred to the post- diluvian Cainan. Thus Ephraem-Syrus asserts that the Chaldees in the time of Terah and Abram worship- ped a graven god called Cainan; and Gregory Bar- Hebneus, another Syriac author, also applies it to the son of Arphaxad (Mill, Vind'oa. of Gene<dogies, p. 160). The origin of the tradition is not known ; but it may probably have been suggested by the meaning of the supposed root in Arabic and the Aramaean dialects, just as another signification of the same root seems to have suggested the tradition that the daughters of Cain were the first who made and tang to musical instru- ments (Gesenius, Thesaur. s. v. "j^lp). His name is Anglicized ** Kenan" in the Auth. Vers, at 1 Chron. i, 2.— Smith, s. v.
2. The son of Arphaxad, and i^er of Sala, accord-
ing to Luke iii, 86, 86, and usually called the second Cainan. He is also found in the present copiet of tl» Sept. in the genealogy of Shem, Gen. x, 24; xi, 12 sad 18 (where his history is given in fhll like the reit: '*And Arphaxad lived 186 years, and begat CaltaiL And Arphaxad lived after he begat Cainan 400 ^esn, and begat sqns and tiaughters. And he died. And Cainan lived 180 years, and begat Salah. And Cainan lived after he begat Salah 880 years, and begat sons and daughters. And he died**), and 1 Chron. i, 18 (though he is omitted in 1 Chron. i, 24), but is nowhere named in the Hebrew text, nor in any of the versioRs made fh>m it, as the Samaritan, Chaldee, Syriac, Yd- gate, etc As the addition of his generation of 136 years in the series of names b of great chronological importance, and is one of the circumstances which rea- der the Septuagint ^computation of time longer thsn the Hebrew, this matter has engaged much attention, and has led to great discussion among chronolc^ns See Chronoloot. Some have suggested that the Jews purposely excluded the second Cainan fh>m their copies, with the design of rendering the Septuagint and Luke suspected ; others that Moses omitted Cai- nan, being desirous of reckoning ten generations only fWnn Adam to Noah, and fh>m Noah to Abraham. Some suppose that Arphaxad was father of Cainan and Salah — of Salah naturally, and of Cainan legally; while others allege that Cainan and Salah were thft same person under two names. It is believed by manj, however, that the name of this second Cainan was net originally in the text even of Luke, but is an addition of inadvertent transcribers, who, remarking it in some copies of the Septuagint, added it (Kuindl, ad Lac. ill, 86). Hales, though, as an advocate of the longer cfaronolpgy, predisposed to its retention, decides that we are fully warranted to conclude that the second Cainan was not originaUy in the Hebrew text, at least, nor in the Septuagint and other versions derived i^om it (Chronology, i, 291). Some of the grounds for thb conclusion are, 1. That the Hebrew and Samaritan, with all the ancient versions and targums, concur in the omission ; 2. That the Septuagint is not consisteDt with itself; for in tiie repetition of genealogies in 1 Chron i, 24, it omits Cainan and agrees with the He- brew text ; 8. That the second Cainan is silently re- jected by Josephus, by Philo, by John of Antiocb, and by EuseUus; and that, while Origen ntained the name itself, he, in his copy of the Septuagint, marked it with an obelisk as an unauthorized reading. It cer- tainly was not contained in any copies of the Bible which Berosus, Eupolemus^ Polyhistor, Theophilus of Antioch, Julius AAricanus, or even Jerome, had access to. Moreover, it seems that the intrusion of the name even into the Sept. is comparatively modem, since Au- gustine is the first writer who mentions it as found in the O. T. at alL Demetrius (B.C. 170), quoted by En- sebius {Prop. Evang. ix, 21), reckons 1860 years ftt)m the birUi of Shem to Jacob's going down to Egyp^ which 9eem$ to include the 130 years of Cainan. But in the great fluctuation of the numbers in the ages of the patriarchs, no reliance can be placed on this argu- ment. Nor have we any certainty that the figures have not been altered in the modem copies of Ensebi- us, to make them agree with the computation of the altered copies of the Sept. 4. That the numbers indi- cating the longevity and paternity of this patriarch are evidently borrowed from those immediately adjoin- ing, as is the name itself fh)m that of the antediluvian patriarch. See Heidegger, Hist. Patriarch, ii, 8-15 ; Bochart, Pkaleg, lib. ii, cap. 18; Mill's Vindic. of our Lord's Geneal. p. 148 sq; Bus, Harmon. Evang. i, 864 sq. ; Michaelis, De Ckrinolog. Mosis post dilm. (in the Commentat. Soc. Gott. 1768 sq. ; translated in the >lm. Bib. Repos. July, 1841, p. 114 sq.) ; Vater, Comment, zum PenL i, 174 sq. See Gbnbaloot (op Christ). Cainites, a sect of Gnostics that sprung up about the year 180, and is classed with the Ophites (q. r.)