Although these canons have special reference to discipline, they are not entirdy silent on the subject of dogmas, morals, and the ceremonial of worship. They clearly distinguish between the orders of bishop and priest, afilrm the superiority of the former, qieak of an altar and a sacrifice in the Church of Christ, and prescribe matters to be observed in the administration of baptism, the euduuist, penance, ordination, with many other things evindng a late date, lliey may be found in Labbd CondUtk, vol. i, and in Cotderii Pair, Opera, i, 199; also in Ultaen, Con$ti»iaione» Apo^ toSca (Rostock, 1858, 8vo); in EngUsh, in Chase, Con$ti' tvtiona and Canont of tke Apoetiet (New TotIe, 1848, 8vo), and in Hammond, Canons of the Church (N. Y. 1844, p. 188 sq.). See Krabbe, De Codice Canomm, eto., translated by Chase, in Bibliotheoa 8<icra, iv, 1 ; Moshdm, Commentaries, cent, i, § 51; Bunsen, Hip- poltftvs (Engl, trand. vols, v-vii) ; and the artide Cuc-
MENTINES.
(II.) Greek CoUeetions: Codex Canonvx. 1. Tlie first mention of a Codex Ccmonum is found in the Acts of the Council of Chalcedon (A.D. 451), where a num- ber of canons of previous councils (Nice, Anc3m, An- tiocli, Laodicea, and Constantinople) were approved. Other collections existed at the time, and others, again, followed, but none were conddered as law for the whole Church. The so-called Codex Canomtm Eoeletke Universce (Book of the Canons) was first published by Justellus (Paris, 1610, 8vo), reproduced in the BSbti- otheca Juris Canon, Vet,, op. VoeOi et JutteUi (Paris, 1661, vol. i), and also in Migne, Patrol, Ctart. CompteL (Paris, 1848, vol. Ixvii). It is not authentic ; the title and arrangement are Justeau's, and the wo^ la only
CANON LAW
87
CANON LAW
an nisiicoeflsftil attempt of his to make an authentic Greek Codex fnm the old collections and MSS.
3. In the filth century we find the Western Church leeognizing the authority of the Greek canons, and there are three principal collections of them, yiz. :
(1) The /SjKNMfA or Isidoritm (erroneously so called becsose found in Isidor of SevUle*8 later collection). It contained the canons of Nice, Ancyra, Neo-Cssarea, and Guigra. As to its date, ire Imow tar certain only this nmch, that this translation of the Nioene canons was known m Ganl A.D. 489 (ConoiL Begenee, c 8), and that of the Ancyran canons was quoted in the QmoL Epaoaene, A.D. 617. A Uter translation, add- ing the canons of Antioch, Constantinople, and Chal- cedon to tboee above named, was- comj^ed toward the end of the fifth century. It was first published from an Oxford MS. under the title Codex Ecdesia Homanaa (ed. Faschas. QuesneU, in 0pp. Leome, Par. 1675, t. ii)
(2) The so-called Verno or tranBlaUopriecOy first pnb- lisiied by Jostellns in the BibUotheeajw. Canon, i, 276, from an incomplete MS., and afterward, in more com- plete form, by Ballerini (opp, Leoms, iii, 478).
(8) The translation and collection made by Diony- sios Eziguns (q. v.), made probably at Rome toward the end of the fifUi centnry. He afterward (about A.D. 510?) made a second collection, adding a number of papal decretals. These were mei^ged into one, and the codex thus formed was generally accepted througli- ont the Church. P(^ Adrian (A.D. 774) presented as enlarged copy of it to Charlemagne, and it became the basis of the French canon law. In this enlarged ionn it is designated as tlie Adnano-Dumgeian Codex. It may be found in the BibHoth, Jvr. Can: i, 101, and in Migne's Patrol. Lai, (Par. 1848, toL Ixvii).
II. Middle Age. — 1. In Afiiea the Nicene canons were supplemented by those of native councils, espe- cially of Carthage (q. v.). Fulgentius Ferrandus (q. r.), in 547, composed the Brematio Canomtm, adding African decisions up to 427 : it was published by Pithou (Paris, 1588), and in Migne, Patrokg. (1848, vol. Ixvii, p. 948). Cresoonius, an African bishop, about 690 issaed a Concordia Canonam (BibL Jur. Can. i, App. p. 38). 2. In Spain a Codex existed in the sixth centn- ly, which was afterward the basis of the pseudo-Isido- rian Decretals. In the seventh centnry it assumed the form in which we know it (Codex Canomtm EccL Bitp. (Madrid, 1808, fol.); and part iL EputoUe decre- iaks, tic. Rom. Pontijicmn (Maidrid, 1821, fol.). It contains canons of the Greek, African. French, and Spanish councils and synods, with Papal decrees fh>m I>smasas to Gregory I. It does not appear that Isi- dor of Seville really had any share in preparing the coUection which, after the discovery of tiie fraudulent decretals (see Pbeudo-Isidobian), was known by his name. A new edition of the fraudulent decretals ap- peared hi 1863, viz. Decretalee PMudo-Ttidoriana, etc., ed. Panhis Hinschius (Leipdc, 2 vols. 8vo).
S. In the BrUuh Itlands and in the Anglo-Saxon CSnirch native canons prevailed, of which we have no euiy records. D'Achery has gathered the firagraents of an Irith Codex of the eighth century in his Spicile' gmm, i, 491 sq., which contains Greek, African, Gallic, and Spanish canons, as well as native ones. See also Spehmm, ConeUktj deereta, etc. in re ecd. orbie Britain- 1 "ieiaoDd. 1639-64, 2 vols. fol.). |
4.1n France the Spanish collection came into u^e i& the eighth century, along with the Adriano-Piony- sian mentkmed above. In the ninth century many | of tile forged decretab from the pseudo-Isidorian col- lection were mingled with the authentic canons. The confritkm led to several new collections ; (1) Cftnonum ooOsctio, hi 881 titles, toward the end of the eighth cen- tery ; (2) CoUecHo Acheriana (perhaps of the beginning of Oe mnth centnry) ; (8) the PenUentidUe of bishop Hatitagar of Cambray , A.D. 926. Besides these there I small collections, called CapUrda I^