4. Decretal of Bom/ace VI JL— In 1298 a new collec- tion, including the post-Gregorian decretals, was pub- lished by Pope Boniface YIII under the title I^ber sextuMy because it was a completion of the five books of Gregory. After the publication of the Uber ee^^us Boidfkce issued a series of decretals (among which we find the celebrated Unam eanctam against Philip of France in 1802), as did also his successor, Benedict XI. These were united under the style of Conetitutiones ex- traoagantivm libri texd, with comments by cardinal Jo- hannes Monachus.
6. The Clemen^nei.-^ln 1818 Pope Clement V pub- lislied Liber teptimuSf which included constitutions of the General Synod of Vienna (1811) and his own de- cretals, in five books, and sent it to the University of Orleans. Here he seems to have stopped its circula- tion, intending to replace it by a new collection, which was completed under Mb successor, John XXII, who sent it to the Universities of Paris and Bologna. It became a full authority in the Church, under the name CkmenUnet (Constitutiones Clementinfi). With the Clementines the code of canon law, as such, may be said to liave been completed, as ".the power of the popes has not since been sufficient to give the force of law to their enactments throughout Christendom." Later laws have been added fh>m papal decretals, de- cisions of Trent, etc, but they have never obtained le- gal authority.
6. Corpus Juria Canomci. — The Decretum GraJHani, Gregorian collection, Uber eextuSy and Constitutiones Clementinay were afterward, however, collected under the joint appellation of Corpus Juris Cah onicl The Paris edition, edited by Chappuis (1499-1502), divides the Extravagantes into two ports ; first, Extravagantes Joannis P. XXII, contains 20 decretals of John XXII, under 14 titles, arranged in the usual system ; the sec- ond, or Extravagantes communes, embraces 74 decretals, firom Urban IV (1261-1264) to Sixtus IV (1471-1484). There have been many editions of the Corpus Juris Co- nomd; among them maybe named that of Lancelotti (Cologne, 1788, 2 vols. 4to) ; of Boehmer and Richter (Lips. 1889, 2 vols. 4to). The Paris edition of 1687 (2 vols. 4to) is much esteemed.
Petrus MatthewS| of Lyon, compiled in 1590 a Uber
septmus decrdaUmnf in 5 vols., containing deoretak from Sixtus IV to Sixtos V (1585-1590), and forming a sort of supplement to the Extravc^cmtes communes ; but the work was not sanctioned. Gregory XIII gave orders for the compilation of an antlientic Zibm- Septimus, which was completed under Clement VIII (1598). It contains the dogmatic decisions of the Syn- ods of Florence and Trent, but was soon after with- drawn. No attempts have since heen. made to colleot the decretals of the succeeding popes.
Preoalence of tke Canon Law m Modem Tivtes. — "The canon law, borrowing frt>m the Roman chril law many of its principles and rules of proceeding, has at different times undergone careful revision and the most learned and scientific treatment at the hands of its professors, and was very generally received in tfaoae Christian states which acknowledge the supremacy of the pope ; and it still ^ves ecclesiastical law, more or less, to Roman Catholic (Christendom, although its provisions have in many countries been conslderaUj modified by the Concordats (q. v) which the popes now and then find it expedient to enter into wUli Roman CatlioUc sovereigns and govemmeniB, whose munici- pal system does not admit of the application of the canon law in its integrity. Indeed, the fkct of its main object being to establish the supremacy of the ecclesiastical authority over the temporal power is suf- ficient to explain why, in modem thnes, it is fonnd to conflict with the views of public law and government, even in the case of the most atisolute and despotic gov- ernments.'*
In the Protestant Church of Germany the canon law is still the basis of the common Churdi law. Lu- ther burned the Corpus Juris at Wittenberg (Dec. 20, 1520) ; but, nevertheless, the canon law was afterward taught in the universities, and its rules as to benefices, marriage, etc, became the basis of ecclesiastical law in the Genman Protestant Church (Herz(^, £ecJ-En- cyhlopddie, s. v.). Calvin calls the legisli&m of the Roman (jhurch "an overgrown and barbarous em- pire ;'* and maintains that Church laws bind the oon-> science only as they are Christ's laws (Institutes^ bk. iv, ch. 10).
In England, the canon law, even in Roman Catho- lic times, never obtained so firm a footing as on the Continent. Hook (Church Dictionarg, s. v. Canon) says that '* as to the Church of England, even at that time, when the papal authority was at the highest, none of these foreign canons, or any new canons, made at any national or provincial synod here, had any man- ner of force if they were against the prerogative of the king or ttie laws of the land. It is true that every Christian nation in communion with the pope sent some bishops, abbots, or priors to those foreign coun- cils, and generally four were sent out of England ; and it was by those means, together with the allowance of the civil power, tliat some canons made there were re- ceived here, but such as were against the laws were totally rejected. Nevertheless, some of these foreign canons were received in England, and obtained the force of laws by the general approbation of the king and people (though it may be difilcult to know what these canons are) ; and it was upon this pretence that the pope claimed an ecclesiastical jurisdiction, inde- pendent of the king, and sent his legates to England with commissions to determine causes according to those canons, which were now compiled into several volumes, and called /nt casumicum: these were not only enjoined to be obeyed as laws, but publicly to be read and expounded in all schools and universities as the d"^ law was read and expounded there, under pain of excommunication to diose who neglected. Hence arose quarrels between kings and several arch- bishops and other prelates who adhered to those papal usurpations. There was, however, a kind of na^cma] canon law in Engbmd, composed of legative md provin- cial constitutions, adapted to the particular neoessitieB