Cawton, Thoxas, a Nonconformist divine, was bom at Wivenhoe, Essex, in 1687. Having studied at Utrecht and Oxfbrd, he received ordination from the bishop of Oxford. He officiated for several years as chaplain to English noble families, but soon became so diraatisfied with the dominant party in the Established Church that he left it to become pastor of a Noncon- formist congregation in Westminster, where he died in 1677. While a student at Utrecht, he published two dissertations, entitled, Dispulatio de Versione Syriaca Vet. et Notfi Testamenti (Ultn^. 1667, 4to), and Disser- tado de utu Lingua Hebraica in Philosophia Theoretica (Ultraj. 1667, 4to), the former of which is of lasting value for the history of the Sjrriac versions. Cawton was regarded as one of the prominent Orientalists of his time. —Kitto, Cydop. s. v. ; Hook, EocL Biog, iii, 626.
Cazalla, Auoustin, martyr, was bom of noble parents in 1606, and was educated at the universities of Valladolid and Alcala. Carranza (q. v.), archbish- op of Toledo, became his patron; and Cazalla's tal- ents, under such patronage, soon gained him distinc- tion. In 1646 he became chaplain and almoner to the emperor Charles V, whom he accompanied into Ger- many. Here he imbibed the principles of Luther (after combating them some time), and on his return to Spain in 1552 he began to preach reform. His mother, brother, and sisters shared his religious convictions . and it is said that even Charles V was g^reatly moved by Cazalla's piety and arguments. The attention of the Inquisition was soon fixed on the Cazalla family, but it was not till after the emperor's death in 1568 that they were arrested and tried for heresy. At an auto da f6 in May, 1559, he was strangled and then burnt, with his sister Donna Beatrice; his brother Francisco was at the same time burnt alive. — ^M*Crie, Hist, of the Reformation in Spain, p. 226 sq. ; De Cas- tro, Spanish Protestant^ (Lond. 1861), p. 114 sq.
Cecil, RiOHARD, an eminent Evangelical divine of the Church of England, was bom in London, No- vember 8, 1748. His early life was bad— he was even a professed infidel ; but about 1772 he was converted, and in 1778 entered Queen's College, Oxford. In 1777
CECILIA
170
CEDAR
he was ordained priest, and settled at Lewes ; bat his health fkiled there, and in 1780 he became minister of St. John's, Bedford Bow, London. In 1800 he obtain- ed the livings of Chobham and Bisliam, Surrey. In 1808 he was attacked by a paralytic seizure, and was compelled to visit Clifton. The Journey did not much, however, improve his health, and he retired in May, 1809, to Tnnbridge Wells. He died August 15, 1810. ** The exertions of lir. Cecil as a preacher were im- mense. His talents were eminent ; his eloquence was impassioned, yet solemn, and sometimes argumenta- tive. As a Christian, he was habitually spiritually minded ; modest and unassuming, he never intruded his capacities on the attention of mankind. He was contented with doing good and getting good ; and his works, though few, are valuable for their sterling sense and genuine piety" (Jones). They are collected in his Workiy edited by Pratt (London, 1811, 4 vols. 8vo), of which vol. i contains a Life of Cecil, by Pratt, with Cecil's Lwei of Bacon and Nation , vol. ii contains sermons and niiscellaneous tracts ; vol. iii, thirty-three sermons ; vol. iv, Cecil's Bemaint, which are among the most valuable writings on pastoral life and work, as well as on various points of practical religion, in modem times. There is also an American edition (N. Y. 1846, 8 vols. 8vo).— Pratt, Memoi^ of Cecil; Jones, Chrigtian ^ography, s. v.
Cecilia, one of the so-called saints of the Greek and Roman Calendar, is said to have suffered mart^T- dom nearly at the same time with Valerian, her hus- band, Tiburtius, his brother, and Maximus, an officer, about A.D. 280, under Alexander Severus, probably in some popular commotion and persecution, since that emperor was favorably inclined toward the Christians. The legendary accounts of her are not wortiiy of cred- it. As she is said to have sung praises with instru- mental accompaniment just before her execution, she is regarded as the special patroness of church music. «' St. Cecilia's Day" is still annually celebrated in Eng- land by a musicid festival. Handel's ** Messiah" was composed for' it Both Greeks and Latins celebrate her festival on the 22d of November. — A. Bntier,Z«9e« ofSahUi, Nov. 22; Landon, Eed, Diet, s. v.
CecilianaB, bishop of Cartilage (A.D. 811). See
DONATISTS.
Cedar (fpK, e'r», from its deq) root or eomprested form ; Gr. ciopoc) occurs in numerous places of Scrip- ture, but authors are not agreed on the exact meaning of the term. Celsius (^Hierobot, i, 106, sq.), for instance, conceives that it is a general name for the pine tribe, to the exclusion of the cedar of Lebanon, which he considers to be indicated by the word beroehj or ** fib." The majority of authors, however, are of opinion that the cedar of Lebanon {Pinus cedrutj or Cednu Libam of botanists) is alone intended. Thb opinion is confirm- ed by the Septuagint and Vulgate, which uniformly (as in the English version) render the word by ics^poc, cednu; and Hbo by the fkct that the Arabic name for the cedar of Lebanon is arz^ evidently cognate with erez. The following statements are chiefly compiled from Kitfco and Smith, s. v. See Botant.