GOVERWMENT (OF THE HeBREWS).
Clagett, William, D.D., a divine of the Church of England, was bom at St. Edmundsbury, Suffolk, 1646; entered Emmanuel College, Cambridge, 1669; and took his degrees there, the final one of D.D. in 1688. After preaching seven years in his native town he became preacher of Gray's Inn, London, and rector of Famham Royal in 1688. He died March 28, 1688. Among his writings are, A Disamne cotuxrmng the Operationi o/tAe HoUf Spirit, against Dr. Owen (Lond. 1680, 2 vols. 8vo); Sermaiu (Lond. 1704-1720, 4 vols. 8vo); and sevend pamphlets on the Bomish contro- versy.—Kippls, Biographia Britanmca^ iii, 592 sq. ; Darling, Cydopadia BibUograpkica^ i, 666.
Claggett, Thomas John, D.D., a bishop of the Protestant Episcopal Church, was bom in Prince George County, Md., on the 2d of October, 1748, and graduated at Princeton 1764. He went to England ^^ ordination in 1767, and on his return to America \
became rector of All Saint's parish, ICd. On the breaking out of the Revolution he retired to Priace George's, and in 1779 began to officiate there in Sl Paul's parish. In 1792 he was elected ta the efaaes^ pate, being the first bishop that was coiisecra^ed ea this side the Atlantic. In 1800 he was chapUin to the Senate of the United States; in 1806 he became m- tor of Trinity Church, Upper Marlbonmgli, Md. & died on the 2d of August, 1816.— Spcagae, JLtmatt, v, 262.
Clainranx (Clarayalus), the name of a ceb- brated Cistercian abbey, hi a valley of the I>epaitm«it Aube, in France. Bernard became its abbot In 111^ and the monastery was the model of monasticism ia the 12th and 18th centuries.— Neander, Ck, Hilary, iv, 254. See Bbrnabd ; Cistbbciahs.
Clap. Thomas, a Congregational minister, was bom at Scituate, Mass., June 26, 1708, and gradnated at Harvard 1722. He was ordained pastor at Wind- ham, Aug. 8, 1726 ; was elected to the rectorship of Tale College in 1789, and entered upon the duties of the office April 2, 1740. He devoted himself energet- ically to the work of the college ; framed its code of laws (1748, Latin, " the first book ever printed in New Haven'*); improved its library, and in varions ways strengthened the institution. He was especially^ noted for his knowledge of mathematics and physics, and con- structed the first orrery made in America. His opposi- tion to Whitefield, and other causes, raised up a party against him, and in 1765 he resigned his ofilee; the corporation, however, passing a vote " eiqpressive of their high estimation of his character and serrices." He died in New Haven, January 7, 1767. Presldeat Clap published An Introdudkn to the Study ^^Phitot- ophy^ exhibiting a general View ofaU the Arte and Sd- ences (1743); The ReUgious ConsHtution of CbOegee^ m- peeiaUy of Yale Collye, New Haven (1754); A krirf History and Vindication of the Doetrineg received and established in the Churches of New England, vitk a Speci- men of the new scheme of Religion beginning to preeaS (1755); An Essay on the Nature and Foundation ef moral Virtue and Obligation (1765) ; Annals or Hittory of Yale College (1766) ; Conjectures upon the Nature md Motions ofAfeteon which are above the Atmosphere (post, 1781).— Sprague, Annals^ 1, 848; Allen, Americas^ Bi- ogrc^y s. V.
Clara, or Clare, a saint of the Roman Catbolic Church, was bom at Assisi, Italy, 1198, of a noble fiui- ily. She abandoned her home in 1212, and was re- ceived by Francis of Assisi, who cut off her hair, and replaced her fine clothing by a piece of sackcloth tied about her with a cord. Her parents strenooosly in- sisted this step ; but, under the guidance of Franda. she disobeyed them, and devoted herself to nM»astie life. She practised unheard of austerities, movraiVd to read of as described by Butler (cited below). Clan was the founder of the Clarisses, or nuns of St. Clara (q. v). See Butler, Lives of Saints, August 12; Lev- is, Bible, Missal, and Breviary, i, 110.
Clara. See Abraham 1 Samcta Clasa.
Clare, St., Nitns of, an order sometimes called CUuisses or Clarissines, from thehr founder St. Cka (q. v.). The reputation of St. Clara soon gained lier a l«rge number of followers, for whom several monaster- ies were built in varions parts of Italy. In the year 1S19 the order passed into Spain, and soon after into France. The rules of the order were drawn up by St. Fnmcis of Assisi in 1224: the Clarisses were ftnrbidden to have any possessions, and silence was enjoined upon them fha the compline till the tierce of the following day. Their habit was three tunics and a mantle. After the death of the founder the order made still greater progress, and counted for some time 2000 convents, with 54,000 nuns. After the Reformation there remained in Eik rope 900 convents, with about 25,000 nuns. In Italy there are monasteries of Clarisses, some of which, take
CLARENBACH
863 CLARENDON CONSTITUTIONS
^ name of ''Nans of the Strict Obeervaiioe," others thst of *' Solitaries of the Institation of St. Peter of Alcantara.' ' After Cortex had conquered Mexico, Isa- bella of Portugal, wife of Charles Y, sent thither some nuns of the order of St. Clara, who made several settle- ments there. Near their monasteries were founded commoiiitiee of Indian young women, to be instructed by the Clarisses in religion, and sudi works as were suitable to persons of tbeb sex. When Pope Urban IV mitigated the original rule, those who adopted the mitigated role were called Urbanists, while the name of Clarisses remained to those who adhered to the orig- inal rule. A still stricter rule was observed by the Omgregatim of St, CoUtU, founded by St. Colette, who died in 1447, which was again surpassed in austerity by the discalceate Congregation dT the Strictest Ob- servance, founded in 1631 in Italy, and the Hermitess- es of St. Peter of Alcantara (or Alcantarines), founded in 1676. According to the statistics of 1862, convents were found in Italy, France, Austria, Bavaria, Switz- eriand, Poland, Belgium, Holland, England, Scotland, Spam, Prussia, Ireland, at Macao and Manilla in Asia, in Mexico, and in Central and South America. The number of members was about 6000. — ^Fehr, GetMAte der MdHchtordm^ i, 456 sq. See Francis of Assisi.