BBAL.
" In 2 Sam. xxii, 9, 18, ' coals of fire* are put met- aphorically for the lightnings proceeding ft'om God (Psa. xviii, 8, 12, 18 ; cxl, 10). In Prov. xxv, 22, we have the proverbial expression ' Thou shalt heap coals of fire upon his head,* which has been adopted by Paul in Rom. xii, 20, and by which is metaphorically ex- pressed the burning shame and confusion which men must feel when their evil is requited by good. (See the essays on this text by Heinrich [Lugd. B. 1716], Wfthner [Gott. 1740].) In like manner^ the Arabs speak of coals of the heart, fire of the liver, to denote burning care, anxiety, remorse, and shame (Gesen. Thesaur, Heb. p. 280). In Psa. cxx, 4, * coals* = burn- ing brands of wood (not 'juniper,* but broom), to which the folse tongue is compared (James iii, 6). In 2 Sam. xiv, 7, the quenching of the live coal is used to indicate the threatened destruction of the single re- maining branch of the family of the widow of Tekoah suborned by Joab ; just as Lucian (Tim, § 8) uses the word Kt^mpov in the same connection** (Smith, s. v.). See Fire.
Coast, an inaccurate rendering in the A. V. of va- rious terms (usually ^'laf , ^an, etc., Gr. optov) sig- nifying border (q. v.), boundary, or extremity, except in the expression "sea-coast** (7)in, choph, Ezek. xxv, 16 ; irapdXiog, Luke vi, 17 ; irapadaXdoaiot, Matt ix, 13). See Sea.
Coat (nshS, hetho'mth, or rahs, htUo'neth, prob-
COBB
394
COBHAM
Mbly meaning covering; hence Greek x^riuv) is the word employed by oar translators for the ancient tmUc (q. V.)) which was in modem phrase a t/drt worn next to the skin (Lev. xyi, 4), by females as well as males (Cant. V, 3 ; 2 Sam. xiii, IS), and especially by the I priests and Levites (Exod. xxviii, 4 ; xxix, 6 ; Neh. I ▼ii, 70, 72). The same term is used of the "coats of I skins'* prepared by the Almighty for the first human pair (6en. iii, 21), which were probably nothing more i than aprons, or a short skirt bound at the waist. The tunic was commonly (at least with males) without sleeves, and usually reached to the knees. It was | generally made of linen, but for the winter was fre- quently made of wool ; and the rich no doubt wore ' tunics of btfssus (**flne linen,'* i. e. [?] cotton^ then very rare). It was sometimes woven entire without a seam, like the modem hose (John xiz, 28). It was also oc- ! casionally of a gay pattern ; such was " Joseph's coat of many colors" (Gen. xxxviii), that is, of different > colored threads in stripes or plaided. Sometimes two tunics seem to have been wom at once, either for oma- 1 ment or luxury, for the term is frequently used in the ; plural of an individual (Matt x, 10 ; Mark, vi, 9 ; Luke iii, 11). In that case the outer one probably supplied the place of the * * cloak" or pallium. See Clothiko ; Dress, eto. The "fisher's coat" (iirev^vn/c) men- tioned in John xxi, 7, was evidently an outer garment or cloak, and Petor is said to be " naked" before throw- ing it about him, as having on only the tunic, or per- haps no more than a strip of cloth about the loins, like the modem Arabs. The little "coat" made by Han- nah for the young Samuel (1 Sam. ii, 19) was the i^9TQ (^ineU% or outer dress, elsewhere rendered " robe," " mantle," or " cloak" [q. v.]. The " coats" of the three Hebrew chUdrea in the furnace (Dan. iii, 21, 27) are called in the origind Chaldee I'^^^^b (iarbaUn\ Sept oapd^apa), thought by some to be the Persian name' for long and wide troufser$, whence Greek trapdpdKKa, Lat sarabah, etc., but by others, with greater probability, to be kindred with the Arabic name for a long shirt or cloak, which is corroborated by the Talmudic interpretation of maniiei, t a. the paUium or outer dress. (See Smith's Diet, of Ckut, Antiq. s. v. Tunica, ete.) See Attire.
Coat of Mail ('JT^'JttJ, tAwyon', gUUering) occurs in the description of Goliath's armor (1 Sam. xyii, 6), and also of Saul's (ver. 88). See Armor. The plu- ral forms are found in Neh. iv, 16 ; 2 Chron. xxvi, 14 ; where they are translated * * habergeons'* (q. v.). The kindred terms n^'ltt^ (ihiryah', " habergeon," Job xli, 26), IJ-Jl^ («*ir5fi»V* harness," 1 Kings xxii, 84; 2 Chron. xviii, 83; '* breast-plate,'* Isa. lix, 17), and Vt^^P (sifT/or/, "brigandines," Jer. xlvi, 4; li, 8), were probably less complete kinds of the same, L e. cortleU, See also Mail.
Cobb, Sylvanus, D.D., a Universalist minister and writer, was bom at Norway, Maine, July, 1788. His first education was under orthodox infiiiences, but early in life he became a Universalist He preached his first sermon at the age of twenty-one, but was not ordained until 1821. He was settled as minister in I succession at Waterville, Maine, at Maiden, Waltham, { and (since 1849) at East Boston. While at Waltham he esteblished the Christian Freeman, which in 1862 was united with the Trumpet, In 1864 he retired from I editorial life, after a service of about thirty years. In . the same year he received from Tufts College the honorary degree of doctor of divinity. He died Oc- 1 tober 31, 1866. Dr. Cobb was a voluminous writ^. I Many of his earlier controversial sermons were pub- lished and widely circulated in Maine and elsewhere. I His Discussions with Dr. Adams and Mr. Hudson, in- volving the subjecte of everlasting punishment and | the annihilation of the wicked, were also put into book