Cnl'diis (KW^oc, of unknown etymol. ; by the Ro- mans often called Ofddtu) is mentioned in 1 Maoc zv, 28, as one of the Greek cities which contained Jewish residents in the second century before the ChristiaB era, and in Acts xxvii, 7, as a harbor which was paved by Paul after leaving Myra, and before running undo' the lee of Crete. It was a city of great consequence, situated at the extreme southwest of the peninsula (Mela, i, 16, 2) of Doris (Ptolemy, x, 2, 10^ in Asia Mi- nor [see Caria], on a promontory which projects be- tween the islands of Cos and Rhodes (Pliny, v, 29 ; see Acts xxi, 1) ; in fact, an island, so Joined by an artificia] causeway to the main land as to form two harbors, one on the north, the other on the south (see Smith*s DkL ofCla$$. Geogr, s. v.). All the remains of Cnidus diow that it must have been a dty of great magnifieense (see Mannert,VI, iii, 284 sq.). Its inhabiUnts were originally Lacedsmonian colonists (Herod* i, 174). It
COADJUTOR
FI«n of Coidus and Chart of the ft^Joiniiig CoMt
was celebrated for the worship of Venus, whose famous statae, executed by Praxiteles, stood in one of her three temples there (Strabo, xiv, p. 965; Plin. Hitt, Nat. xxxvi, 15 ; Horn. Odyis. i, 80), and was the birth- place of Etesias and other noted ancients (Pausanias, i, 1, 3). It is now a mere heap of ruins, and the mod- em name of the promontory is Cape Krio (Clarke's Tr<MC€&, iii, 261). The place has been ftilly illustrated by Beaufort (Kca-amania, p. 81), Hamilton (Retearches^ ii, 89), and Texiar {Asie Mineure); see also Leake {Norikem Greece, ii, 177 ; Asia Minor, p. 226), with the Drawings in the Ionian Antiquitiet, published by the Dilettanti Society, and the English Admiral^ Charts, No0. 1533,1604.
Coin of CniduB.
Coadjntor, in the churches of Rome and England, an assistant, appointed by competent authority, to any biahop, dignitaiy of a cathedral, or incumbent who is disabled by age or infirmity from the personal dis- charge of his duties. Such coadjutor may be either permanent or temporary, and in the former case may be appointed either with or without the right of suc- oeesion. In the 8d century Bishop Narcissus, of Jeru- salem, received as coadjutor Alexander of Cappadoda, and in the 4th century St. Augustine was appointed coadjutor of Valerius of Hippo. The first instance of the bishope of Rome having claimed any influence upon the appointment of coadjutors is found in a letter ftt>m Pope Zacharias to St. Boniface, in which permia- sion is given to the latter to consecrate a coadjutor. The provincial councils, however, continued to claim this right, until hi 1298 Boniface VIII reserved it as a causa major for the papal chair. The laws of the Church of Rome strictly forbade the appointment of coadjutors with the right of succession. The Council of Trent forbade it absolutely, with regard to lower benefices, but in the case of bishops and superiors of monasteries provided that, f^m important reasons, the popes might make an exception. The popes, how- ever, disregarded this law, as well as so many others given by the councils, and appointed coadjutors for lower offices no less than tat episcopal sees. See Wetzer a. Welte, Kirchen-Lex, ii, 646 ; Hersog, JReal-
898 COAT
EncffUcpSdie, ii, 789; Eden, Theol. Dictionary, 8, v.
Coal (Sept and N. T. dfv^paQ is a transla- tion usually of one or the other of two Heb. words, viz., nbm (jgache'letk, literally a la/n- dkng, pruina), which signifies an ignited or live coal, and is of firequent occurrence (2 Sam. xiv, 7; xxii,9; Jobxl, 21; P6a,xviu,8; cxx,4; Isa.xliv, 19; xlvii,14; Ezek. xxiv, 11), often with the emphatic addition of *' burning" or of " fire" (Lev. xvi, 12 ; 2 Sam. xxu, 18 ; Psa. xviii, 12, 18; cxl, 10; Prov. vi, 28; xxv, 22; xxvi, 21; Exek. ii, 18; x, 2), and Qno (pe- eham'y literally biaek, eorfto), which properly signifies a coal quenched and not reignited, or charcoal (Prov. xxvi, 21, where the distinc- tion between this and the former term is clear- ly made, "as coals [jfecham] are to burning coals [^achdethy}, and hence an ignited coal (Isa. xliv, 12 ; liv^ 16). See Fuel. Two oth- er Heb. terms |erroneously) rendered " coal*' are rrtt2C'n (rkspah', ••Ihre coal," Isa. vi, 6, literally a pavement, as elsewhere rendered), which appears to have been a hot stone used for baking upon ; C)©^ (re'shtph), properly JIames (to which jeal- ousy is compared. Cant, viil, 6), and hence pestilential fever (Hah. iii, 5; ''burning heat,'* Deut. xxii, 24; else- where a" ^porl:," Job v, 7; •*<&ttfi<fcr6o&,"Psa.lxxviii, 48) ; and C)^^ (re'tsqth, spoken oi a cake *' baken on the coals"), which appears to be cognate to both the preceding words and to combine their meaning, and may thus designate (as explained by the Rabbins a coal, Sept lyKfn/^ia, Vulg. subcinericus^ a loaf baked amonff the embers. .See Sread. In Lam. iv, 8, " their visage is blacker than a coal," the word is '^in^ (sA«cAor'), which simply means blackness, as in the mar- gin. In the New Testament, the ♦' fire of coals" (dv- Spaicia, John xviii, 18) evidently means a mass of live charcoal, used in a chafing-dish for warming in the East, and so explained by Suidas and parallel instances in the Apocrypha (Ecclus. viii, 10 ; xi, 32). The sub- stance indicated in all the foregoing passages is doubt- less charcoal, although anthracite or bituminous coal has been found in Palestine in modem times (see Brownmg's Report f also Elliot, ii, 267). See Mm-