From the conquest of Constantinople by the Latins in 1204 until the reconqnest of the dty by the Greeks in 1261, there was a Latin patriarch in Constantino- ple, to whom the pope assigned the highest place in the Church next to himself. Since the destruction of the Byzantine empire the title of patriarch has been given by the popes to some dignitary of Rome. At Constantinople there resides a patriarchal vicar, under whose jurisdiction are about 10,000 Latin Catholics, in Constantinople, Thracia, Macedonia, and Northern Asia Minor.— Herzog, ReaUEnofhl. iii, 188 ; Wetzer u. Welte, Kirchen-Lex. ii, 838 ; Wiggers, Kirchl. ataiit- tikf i, 176 ; The ChMtrchman's Calendar for 1867, p. 89.
ConBtellation, a cluster of itart, stands in the Auth. Vers, only in Isa. xiii, 10 (*'the stars of heaven and contteBationt thereof shall not ^ve their light^*), for the Heb. b'«p3, ketil^ (in the plur.), i. e. the fat or dear (Sept. 'Qpicuv, Yulg. splendor), as a designation apparently of the lari^e starry bodies generally. The same (Heb.) word elsewhere designates some special assemblage of stars (** Orion,'* Job ix, 9 ; xxxviii, 31 ; Amos V, 8); and once the name of a town (^* Chesil,'* Josh. XV, 80). (See Schnaar, Ueb, d, Sternbilder, etc. e Bink. 1791.) See Astronomy.
CoDBtitatioii, in the Roman Church, a decree of the pope in matters of doctrine. In France, the name has been applied, by way of eminence, to the famous bull Uniffenitus of the year 1718. See Uniobxitus.
ConBtitutioiis, ApostolioaL See Canons; Clementines.
ConstitatioiiB and CanonB, BookB of, "the code of 141 rules which regulates the order and wor- ship of the Church of England. The preface thus de- scribes itself: * Constitutions and canons ecclesiasti- cal, treated upon by the bishop of London, president of the convocation for the province of Canterbury, and the rest of Obe bishops and clergy of the said province ; and a^rreed upon with the king's majesty's licence, in their synod begun at London, Atmo Domini 1608, and, in the year of the reign of our sovereign lord James, by the grace of €rod )dng of England, ^nce, and Ire- land, the first, and of Scotland the thirty-seventh ; and now published for the due observation of them by his majesty's authority, under the great seal of England.' " — Eadie, Eccles, Diet, s. v. See Canons.
Constitationi of Clarendon. See Claren- don.
Consubstantial, a word of similar import with co-essential^ denoting something of the same substance with another. The term dfioov<Ttog was first used by the fiitbers of the councils of Antioch and Nicaea to express the orthodox doctrine more precisely. At first the term had only a negative use, as against the Arian heresy ; but after the adoption of the Nicene Creed it became a test- word of orthodoxy. — Tomline, Theology^ ii, 110; Schaff, History of the Christian Church, § 127.
ConBubstantiation, the doctrine that, in the Lord*s Supper, the bread remains bread, and the wine remains wine; but that with and by means of the consecrated elements the true natural body and blood of Christ are communicated to the recipients. It dif- fers from Transubstftntiatinn (q. v.) in that it does not imply a change in the substance of the elements. — Browne on 89 Articles, art. xxviii, § 1 ; Hagenbach, 'history of Doctrines, ii, 809 (Smith's ed.). See Ijcpa-
NATION ; Lord's Suppbr ; Lutukk ; LuTHiBiJ Church; Tranbubstantlation.
Consul (yirarot, i. e. highest in office), a titk i^ plied (1 Mace, xv, 16) to Lucius (q. v.), the Boots officer, whoee communicatk>n to Ptolemy is there died. The Sept. elsewhere uses the same Greek term ss a rendering of the Chald. 1*^3^ "^ni^nK, mibraps C'pra- ces," Dan. iii, 2, 8), and T'^a^n, ri»cr» (" lors, Dan. vi, 7, etc). It is often used by Greek writen for the Roman cfmtuL See Rons.
Conanmption, as a disease, is the rendering o( the Heb. rSHD, Aache'pheih (occurs only Lev. xxti, 10; Deut. xxviii, 22), Arom BH^, skaehapA', to pmt away; and probably designates a wasdn^ maladr. See Disease.
Contarini, Gaspare, Cardinal, was bora in 1^ of a noble Venetian £unily, and carefUly edocated. Entering the public service, he was rmbenwirinr to Charles Y, 1621, and met Luther at Worms. In 1535 he was made cardinal by pope Panl III. In Uas. Contarini, together with the ourdinals Cara& (snbes quently Paul lY), Sadolet, and Polna, was appoiDted a member of a committee on the refornuUion of tl« Church. Their report, made to the pope in the nse year, and entitled Consilium de Emendcmda Eeeksis. was printed against their wish and contrary to the crder of the pope, and published in a German translatioo. with pungent notes, by Luther. It was sabsequent- ly put on the Index. In 1640 0>ntarini was sent as papal legate to the Diet of Ratisbon, where he shoved a conciliatory spirit toward the Protestants, and u- gently admonished the bishops to labor for the relBr- mation of the Church. On his return to Italy he vt» by some accused of having encouraged heresy, but vt^ appointed by the pope cardinal legate of Bologna. His religions feelings .were deep ; he accepted the doctrine of justification by fidth, and looked for a reform of ^ Roman Church, while he utterly distrusted the Ls> theran reformation. He was, on the whole, one ci the best men in the Roman Church at the time of the Reformation. He died in Bologna, 1542. Among hi» writings are, De ImmortaUtaU Anisna adeersus Pitnm PomponaHum : — De LXbero A Hntrio et PrctdesttmaAm : — De Septem Ecdesia Sacramentis: — Confutatio Arlie^ ulorum Luiheri: — Scholia m Ept'stoku Dhi PasM:—Ik Officio Episcopi:'-DePotestatePoniiJicis(\ihenT), Hit works were collected and published together at Parit (1571, fol.) and Venice (1578, fol.). See Ranke, ffistih ry of Popes, vol. i, passim ; Wetxer n. Welte, Kinhm- Lex, ii, 860; McCrie, Reforwuxtion •» Italy (Am. cd. p. 171).