CroBB-bearer (crudger), 1. In the Rouu^ Church, the designation of the chaplain of an arch- bishop, or a primate, who bears a cross before him oo solemn occasions. The pope has the cross borne be> fore him everywhere ; a patriarch anywhere oat of Rome; and primates, metropolitans, and those wbo have a right to the pallium, throughout their retpecS- ive jurisdictions. A prelate wears a single cross, a patriarch a double cross, and the pope a triple cros on his arms.
2. The name cross4>earers ("cruciferi'') was tl» applied to the Flagellants in the thirteenth and fboi- teenth centuries. See Fuioellaists.
Croswell, Henry, D.D., a Protestant Episcoptl minister, was bom in West Hartford, Conn., June 16L 1778. While quite young he entered his farotber's printing-office in Catskill, N. Y., and soon becaase ed- itor of a newspaper published in that place. About 1800 he established a paper at Hudson, N. Y., called The Balance, He removed to Albany in 1809« vliere his paper attained a still wider circulation and infln* ence. Finally he turned his attention to the Chn»> tiau ministry-. Though brought up among Congr^gs-
CROSWELL
583
CROWN
lonalists, lie detennlned to unite with the Protestant Episcopal Church, and prepared to enter its ministry. n the year 1814 he was ordained deacon. After treachinc^ a short tune in Hudson, he removed to New ilaven, when he took charge of Trinity Church, and n Febnutry, 1816, he was ordained priest He re- named in the same parish 48 years. It is stated that n a period of 41 years he oflElciated at 1844 burials, idminlstered 2568 baptisms, and married 883 couples. Be died March 18, 1868.
Cros-well, William, D.D. (son of Henry), was bom in Hudson, N. Y., Nov. 7, 1804, and graduated at Yale College in 1822. After studying at the General Theol. Seminary, N. Y., he was ordained in 1828, and in May, 1829, he accepted the rectorship of Christ Church, Boston. In 1840 he became rector of St. Pe- ter's Chnrch, Auburn, N. Y., but, after somewhat more than four years, he returned to Boston, and connected himself with a new enterprise — the Church of the Ad- vent, 'wliich proved very successful. With this church he continued till the close of his life. In 1846 the de- gree of D.D. was conferred upon him by Trinity Col- lege, Hartford, and on Nov. 9, 1861, he died suddenly, after the partial delivery of a beautiful sermon, ad- dressed to the children of his church, in connection with a baptism. His productions, especially on poet- ry, were published soon after his death by bis father, in an extended Memoir, but he had stricUy forbidden the publication of any of his sermons. — Spragne, An^ fuUs, V, 697.
Crothers, Samuel, D.D., a Presbyterian minis- ter, was bom near Chambereburg, Pa., October 22, 1783. His &ther removed to Lexington, Ey., in 1787. In February, 1798, he entered the Lexington Academy, and in 1804 placed himself under the care of the Kentucky Presbytery as a candidate for the ministry. He entered the New York Theological Seminary in 1806, and, returning to Kentucky in 1809, was there licensed to preach. He settled in Chili- cothe in 1810, where he remained for three years, re- moving to Greenfield in 1818. At this tune the Asso- ciate Reformed Church was greatly agitated with con- troversies respecting intercommunion and psalmody. With Dr. Mason and most of his students, Mr. Cro- thers opposed close communion, and the exclusive use of what has been called inspired psalmody. Troubles growing out of these things, he resigned his charge, and removed to Winchester, Ky. In 1820 he returned to Greenfield, where he remained 86 years. He died suddenly in Oswego, HI., at the house of his son, on July 20, 1866.— Wilson, Pretbyterkm ffitt. Almanac, 1864.
C?ro'W (Kopwvrj), Baruch vi, 64, prob. the Jackdaw. See Raven.
Orlenul Jackdaw.
Crowell, Joshua, an early Methodist Episcopal minister in New England, was bom in ICassachusetts
in 1777, of Presbyterian parents, was converted through the agency of Methodist preaching at about 20, en- tered the itinerancy in 1801, located in 1809, and died at Sturbridge, Mass., July, U368, in the fifty-seventh year of his ministry. He had a strong intellect, sound judgment, generous emotions, and an earnest love of Methodism. He was an able and successful minister. He was one of the founders of the Wesleyan Academy, WUbraham, and in many ways was of eminent service to the Church. — Sherman, SheUhu of New-England Dwmes, p. 389.
Cromwell, Setfa, a Methodist Episcopal minister of more than ordinary talents, was bom in Tolland, Conn., in 1781, entered the New York Conference in 1801, was returned superannuated in 1813, re-entered upon work as a missionary in 1816, located in 1819, and was readmitted as superannuated in 1824. He died m 1826 in New York city.— Jfmii^, i, 642 ; Ste- vens, Memoriah of Methodism, ii, ch. xviiL
Cro'wing. See Cock-gbowing.
Crcwther, Jonathan, an English Methodist min- ister, was born in Cornwall, July 81, 1794, and was ed- ucated at Kingswood School. He began to preach in 1814, was appointed head-master at Kingswood 1828, and afterwards at Woodhouse-Grove. He afterwards served several circuits, until he was called in 1887 to the Buperintendency of Wesleyan missions in India. His labors in that country brought great and lasting good to the missions, especially in Madras. In 1848 he retumed to England, and in 1849 was appointed classical tutor at the Wesleyan Theological School, Didsbury, where he remained until his death, Jan. U, 1S56,— Wesleyan Minutes, 1866, p. 21.