CURETON
609
CURIA ROMANA
; to take one kind for long together, and I have 3 wn a sick woman swallow ten different sorta in one r. Should a patient, when aboat to take hb medi- e, scatter or spill the least quantity, nothing will Luce him to take the rest; it is a bad omen ; he must ve the nostrom changed. The people of the East re a decided preference to extfvnal applications; Qce, when they are directed to *■ eat* or * dxink' medi- le, they ask, Can they not have something to apply tside? For almost every complaint a man will lear his body with bruised leaves or sai&on, or ashes
certain woods or oils, and he professes to derive 3re benefit from them than from those medicines hich are taken internally; at all events, he knows ey cannot do him so much harm. It ought to be •served that they do not attach any miraculous effects
the being * anointed with oiL'" See Diskases;
BYSICIAir.
CnTeton, William, D.D., an eminent English di- ine and Orientalist, was born in 1808, and educated ; Christ Church, Oxford. He was ordained priest in )34, and was for a time sub-librarian of the Bodleian. Q 1887 he became assistant keeper of the MSS. in the iritish Museum, which post he retained till 1849, when e was appointed to a canonry of Westminster and to be attached rectorship of the parish of St. Margaret's. Nro years before that date he had been appointed haplahi in ordinary to the queen. He was also a Fel- ow of the Royal Society, an honorary D.D. of Halle, orresponding member of the Institute of France, and nember of the Asiatic Society of Paris, the Oriental Society of Germany, and many other Continental soci- )ties. These honors he owed to his great reputation IS an Orientalist, and especially as a Syriac scholar, rbis reputation was formed by his publications while m officUd in the British Museum. His Corpus Ignati- iimn^ an edition of an ancient Syriac version of the Epistles of St. Ignatius, with commentaries thereon, was published in 1845, and gave rise to an interesting controversy. Among his subsequent works were an edition of a palimpsest of parts of Homer found in an Eastern convent, and his SpicUegmm Syriacwn^ pub- lished in 1855. He was understood to be ens:aged on some work connected with St. Matthew's Gospel at the time of his death, June 17, 1868.
Curia Romfina, in the narrower sense, a collec- tive appellation of all the authorities in Rome which exercise the rights and privileges enjoyed by the pope as supreme bishop of the Roman Catholic Church ; in a wider sense, the collective appellation of all officers and authorities which assist the pope both in his secu- lar and spiritual rule, or belong in any way to Ms ret- inae. In the following article we speak only of those authorities which assist the pope as supreme bishop, and in the papal court.
I. Judicial Attthorities. — ^Tbey are the following: 1. The Hota Romana (Italian, Ruota Romano), the su- preme Court of the Roman Catholic Church, and in particular the highest court of appeal. See Rota Ro- mana. 2. The Signahtra Justkia, It decides on the admissibility of appeals to the Rota, and consists of a cardinal as president (praefectus), seven (formerly twelve) voting prelates, some referendaries who pre- pare the reports on law cases, and have, with regard to them, a decisive vote. An A udUor of the Rota decides what matter may be brought before the Rota, and de- cides various preliminary questions ; but appeal may be taken from his decisions to the Aill court of the Sig- •w^o. The decisions of the Signatura are signed by the pope with the word Fiat, or, in the presence and hy order of the pope, by a cardinal, with the formula Ccncetfum in prcBseatia Domini nostri Papa, 8. The ^*ffn<Uura gratim decides on those cases on which a decision is expected from the personal grace of the pope, and which on that account must be expedited iii^ore promptly. The pope himself presides in this IL-Qq
college, which consists of cardinals appointed by him. The **^Hinffl penitentiary, the secretary of the briefs, and the prefect of the dataria, belong to it in virtue of their office. The reports are made by three referen- daries. The members have only a consultative vote. The pope alone decides, and signs personally all deci- sions.
II. Boardt of Admimttraiion, — These are as fol- lows : 1. SecrtUtria ApottoHea, To it belong the car^ dmal KcreUary of wtemoriali, who has to receive and report on all memorials not belonging to any other board, and the cardinal tecrekay of hvief$ (cardinalit a tecreUs hrevimn), who has to draw up certain papal brieft, which he signs and seals with the fisher's ring. This office is now part of the bureau of the cardinal iecretary of tiate for foreign affcAri, the leading officer of the papal government, who conducts the negotia- tions on Church affiiirs with all the foreign govern- ments. The nuncios and other diplomatic agents of the papal government are his subordinates, receive fh>m him his instructions, and have to report to him on the condition of the Church in those states to which they have been sent. His office employs a large num- ber of clerks. In important questions he consults ex- traordinary ** congregations," and even the regular congregation of ecclesiastical affiiirs. He reports to the pope on indulgences, on dispensations ftx)m the de/ao- itu atatis, nakdium, intersHttontm, and on hofy days. 2. The Jkdaria ApottaUca was formerly a board of expe- dition, but in the course of time has become an inde- pendent board of administration. Its president is called datarius, and if he is— as is usually the case — a cardinal, prodataritu. It has its name from the common subscription. Datum apud Sanctum Petrum, Within the jurisdiction of the Dataria belong the granting of certain privileges, of dispensations from certain cases of consanguinity, etc. Among the offi- cers of the Dataria is the officidit ad ohkum, to whom belongs the management of those ecclesiastical bene- fices which become vacant in consequence of the deaths of their occupants. The Datarius, after obtain- ing the consent of the pope, signs Annuit SancHuimus. 3. The Cancellaria Apostolica (Apostolical Chancel- loiy) issues bulls or briefs on all important subjects which have been transacted in the Consistory or in the Dataria, Its chief is a cardinal vice-chancellor, the name vtc«-chancellor having originated in the &ct that formerly (until the thirteenth century) the hon- orary dignity of chancellor was conferred upon some foreign prelate, and having been retained since, al- though from that time the presidency of the Chancel- lory has always been vested in a cardinal. 4. The Camera ApoetoHca (the Apostolical Chamber) has the administration of the papal revenues. Its president is a cardinal chamberlain (camerarius or camerlengo). The ecclesiastical revenues having been greatly re- duced in the course of time, the chief business of the Apostolical Chamber Ib the administration of the finances of the papal territory. 5. The Pcadtentiaria Romana (Penitentiary) acts in all cases of absolutions and dispensations which are reserved to the pope ; as regards dispensations, however, only in secret cases, or inforo intemo. The president of the board is a car- dinal, who has the title PcemienOariut MoQor,