ed, silice, before tbe reign of Saul, even smiths' forges were not allowed among them by the Philistines. Nothing, however, could be more profitable for the Phoenicians than the security of cultivation enjoyed by the Israelites in the reigns of David and Solomon. The trade between Tyre and Israel became at once ex- tremely lucrative to both, and the league between the two states was quickly very intimate. Unhallowed and profone as Jebus had been before, it was at once elevated to a sanctity which it has never lost, above any of the ancient sanctuaries of the land. The ark was now removed from its obscurity at Kiijath-jearim with marked solemnity, B.C. 1043. A temporary halt (owing to the death of Uzzah) detained it at Obed- edom's house, after which it agaui moved forward with great state to "Jerusalem. An assembly of the nation was convened, and (according to 1 Chion. ziii, 2 ; XV, 2-27) especially of the Levitea. The musical arts, in which David himself excelled, were now de- veloped on a great scale (1 Chron. xv, 16-22 ; 2 Sam. vi, 5). Zadok and Abiathar, the representatives of the two Aaronic families, were both present (1 Chron. XV, 11). Chenaniah presided over the music (1 Chron. XV, 22, 27). Obed-edom followed his sacred charge (1 Chron. xiii, 18, 21, 24). The prophet Nathan appears for the first time as the controlling adviser of the fu- ture (2 Sam. vii, 8). A sacrifice was offered as soon as a successfbl start was made (1 Chron. xv, 26 ; 2 Sam. xi? 18). David himself was dressed in the white linen dress of the priestiy order, without his royal robes, and played on stringed instruments (1 Chron. XV, 27 ; 2 Sam. vi, 14, 20). As in the prophetic schools where he had himself been brought up (1 Sam. x, 5), and as still in the impressive ceremonial of some East- em dervishes, and of Seville cathedral (probably de- rived from the East), a wild dance was part of the religious solemnity. Into this David threw himself with unreserved enthusiasm, and thus conveyed the symbol of the presence of Jehovah into the ancient heathen fortress (see J. £. lif Oiler, De Davide ante ar- cam saUante, in Ugolini Tkes^ zxxii). See Dakce. In the same spirit of uniting the sacerdotal with the royal functions, he offered sacrifices on a large scale, and himself gave the benediction to the people (2 Sam. vi, 17, 18 ; 1 Chron. xvi, 2). The scene of this inau- guration was on the hill which, ftvm David's habita^ tion, was specially known as the " dty of David." As ^ to mark the new era, he had not brought the an- cient tabernacle from Gibeon, but had erected a new tent or tabernacle (1 Chron. xt, 1) for the reception of the ark. It was the first beginning «f the great design, of which we will speak presentiy, afterwards carried out by his son, of erecting a permanent temple or palace for the ark, corresponding to the state in which he himself was to dwelL It was the greatest day of David's life. One incident only tarnished its splendor—- the reproach of Michal, his wife, as he was finally entering his own palace, to carry to his own hous^old the benediction which he had already pro- nounced on his people. See Miohal. His act of severity towards her was an additional mark of the stress which he himself laid on the solemnity (2 Sam. vi, 20-28 ; 1 Chron. xv, 29).
A large number of psalms, either in their traditional tities, or in the irresistible evidence of their contents, bear traces of this great festival, besides those which may be referred either to this occasion, or to the ded- ication of Solomon's Temple, or even to the restora- tion of the sacred services on the return from Babylon. The 15th, 101st, and 118th, by their contents, express the feelings of David on his occupation of his new home. The 68th, at least in part, and the 24th, seem to have been actually composed for the entrance of the ark into the ancient gates of the heathen fortress —and the last words of the second of these two psalms may be regarded as the inauguration of the new name by which God henceforth is called, The Lord of hosts.
DAVID
692
DAVID
** Who it this king of glorj ?" "The Lord of hoets, he is the king of glory*' (Psa. xziv, 10; comp. 2 Sam. yi, 2). Fragments of poetry worked up into psalms (xctI, %-lBi cv ; cvi, 1, 47, 48) occur in 1 Chron. xvi, 8-^ u having been delivered by David **into the hands of Asaph and Ids brother" after the dose of the festivaL See Psalms.
The priests or Aaronites must, for a long time, have had little occupation in their sailed office ; for the ark' was at Kiijath-Jearim, under the care of a private fam- ily. Indeed, daring the reign of Saol, we find shew- bread to have been set forth at Nob (1 Sam. zxi, 4-6) by Ahimelech the priest; and it is possible that many other ceremonies were performed by them, in spite of the absence of the ark. Bat after the dreadful mas- sacre perpetrated on the priestly order by Saol, few Aaronites are likely to have felt at ease in their voca- tion. To wear an ephod — the mark of a priest who is asking counsel of Jehovah — had almost become a crime ; and even after the death of Saul, it is possible that the Aaronites, like the other Israelites, remained organized as bands of soldiers. At least Jehoiada (who, according to 1 Chron. zxvii, 5, was high-priest at this time, and joined David at Hebron with 8700 Aaronites) was father of the celebrated warrior Bena- iah, afterwards captain of David's body-guard— a man whose qualities were anything but priest-like; and Zicidok, afterwards high-priest, who joined David ' * with twenty-two captains of his father's house" at the same time as Jehoiada, is described as * ' a young man mighty of valor" (1 Chron. xii, 27, 28). How long Jehoiada retained the place of faigh-priest is uncertain. It is probable that no definite conception then existed of the need of having one high-priest ; and it is certain that David's affection for Abiathar, because of his fit- ther's fiite, maintained him in chief place through the greater part of his reign. Not untU a later tbne, it would seem, was Zadok elevated to a co-ordinate posi- tion. See Abiathar. Any fUrther remaiks concern- ing the orders and courses of the priests will be better reserved for the article on that subject. It is enough here to add that the cruel slaughter ordered by Saul of the Aaronites of the line of Ithamar, whom Abia- thar now represented, naturally gave a great prepon- derance of numbers and power to the line of Eleazar, to which Zadok belonged. We must also refer to the article Lbvitbs for fhrther information concern- ing them. The bringing of the ark ftom Kiijath- jearim to Jerusalem established the line of high-priests in direct service before it ; and fit)m this time we may presume that the ceremonies of the great day of atone- ment began to be observed. Previously, it would ap- pear, the connection between the priesthood and the tabernacle had been very loose. The priests fixed their abode at Nob, when the ark was at Kiijath-jea- rim, a very short distance ; yet there is nothing to de- note that they at all interfered with Abinadab in his exclusive care of the sacred deposit.