t MBS who
di«dpS«n.
xlT,»7:
ZTiii,18).
(IL) IHoM at Htbrfm,
(t8>m.ill,M; 1 Chrai. lU, 1-4).
AUtel.
^
M),
(or
M^Mdl)
(SSun.
JoMph.
8, ft).
(t 8m. T, 1S-1« ; 1 Chroo. iU, 6-« ; zlr. 4-T.)
Elkbiw,
lipLlet.
(1 Chroo.
No«h (1 Chroo.
m,j).
I.
NophiC. Japhia. EUshanM.
8. Bathahebo (1 Chron. HI, S),
EUada, BMUadA (1 Chroo. XlT, 1).
Jarlmoth (S Chroo. zi, 18).
I
fa
aaaehiU (S8Mn.3di,l<).
SbolMh.
Natbao. Jadidlah
(iGhroo. 111,8).
Of tSiese, Absalom and Adon^ both inherited their kther'8 beauty (2 Sam. ziv, 25; 1 Kings i, 6), bat iolomon alone possessed any of his higher qualities, [t was from a nnion of the children of Solomon and <kbealom that the royal line was carried on (1 Kings icv, 2). The princes were under the charge of Jehiel ^1 Chron. zzvli, 82), perhaps the Levite (1 Chron. xv, 21 ; 2 Chron. xx, 14), with the exception of Solomon, who (according at least to one rendering) was under the charge of Nathan (2 Sam. xii, 25). David's strong parental affsction for all of them is very remarkable (2 Sam.xiii,81,88,86; xiy,88; xyiii,5,88; xix,4; 1 Kings i, 6).
h. The military organization, which was, in fiict, in- herited from SmI, but greatly developed by David, was as follows :
(1.) ''The Host," i e. the whole available military force of Israel, consisting of all males capable of bear- ing arms, and summoned only for war. This had al- vrays existed from the time of the first settlement in Canaan, and liad been commanded by the chief or the judge who presided over Israel for the time. Under Saul we first find the recognised post of a captain or commander-fai-chief in the person of Abner ; and un- der David tliis post was given as a reward for the as- sault on Jerusalem to h£ nephew Joab (1 Chron. xi, 6 ; xxvii, 84), who conducted the army to battle in the absence of the king (2 Sam. xii, 26). There were 12 divisions of 24,000 each, who were held to be in duty month by month, and over each of them presided an oiBoer selected for this purpose from the oUier mil- itary bodies formed by David (1 Chron. xxvii, 1-15). Beddes this host, the register proceeds to recount twelve princes over the tribes of Israel, who may per- haps be oompared to the governors of our own states in their military capacity. The enumeration of these grest officers is remarkable, being as follows: 1, Of tiie Beabenites ; 2, of the Simeonttes ; 8, of the Le- vites;4,oftheAaronites; 5, of Judah; 6, of Issachar ; 7,ofZebiikHi; 8, of Naphthali ; 9,of£phrahn; 10, of Uanssaeh; 11, of Hanasseh beyond the Jordan; 12, of Beiijsmin; 18, of Dan. Here the names of Oad and Adier sre omitted without explanation. On the other hsnd, the Levites and Aaronites are recounted, as though they were tribes co-ordinate with the rest,
BOLMIOX
(8 8ani.ill»M).
Ifihalath lo RnoaoAii to Taaiar (or I Maaoi)
(IK.XT,I). AXUAM.
and Zadok is named as prince of the Aaronites. It is not to be supposed that the Levites or Aaronites were wholly shut out from civil and military duties. It has already been remarked that Zadok (here chief of the Aaronites) was described in the beginning of Da- vid's reign as **a mighty man of valor** (1 Clm>n. xii, 28), and the same appellation is given to the sons of Shemaiah, a Levite (xxvi, 6). Benaiah also, now captain of David's body-guard, was son of the late high-priest Jehoiada (xxvU, 5, and xii, 27). The army was still distinguished from those of surrounding na- tions by its primitive aspect of a force of inf^try without cavalry. The only innovations as yet al- lowed were the introduction of a very limited number of chariots (2 Sam. viii, 4), and of mules for the princes and ofilcers instead of asses (2 Sam. xiii, 29 ; xviii, 9). According to a Mussulman tradition {Korany xxi, 80), David invented chain armor. The usual weapons were still spears and shields, as appears frx)m the Psalms. For the general question of the numbers and equipment of the army, see Abms and Abmt.
(2.) The Body-guard. This also had existed in the court of Saul, and David himself had probably been its commanding ofilcer (1 Sam. xxii, 14; Ewald). But it now assumed a peculiar organization. They were, at least in name, foreigners, as having been drawn ttfsm the Philistines, probably during David's resi- dence at the court of Gath. They are usually called from this circumstance " Cherethites and Pelethites*' (q. v.), but had also a body especially from Gath among them, of whom the name of one, Ittai, is pre- served as a faithful servant of David (2 Sam. xv, 19). The captain of the force was, however, not only not a foreigner, but an Israelite of the highest distinction and purest descent, who first appears in this capacity, but who outlived David, and became the chief support of the throne of his son, namely, Benaiah, son of the chief priest Jehoiada, representative of the eldest branch of Aaron's house (2 Sam. viii, 18; xv, 18; xx, 28; 1 Khigs i, 88, 44).
(8.) The most peculiar military institution in Da- vid's army was that which arose out of the peculiar circumstances of his early life. The nucleus of what afterwards became the only standing army in David's forces was the band of 600 men who had gathered