DAVID
694
DAVID
round him in his wanderings. The namber of 600 was i-till preserved^ with the name of Gibborim^ ^' heroes** or * * mighty men.*' It became yet further subdivided into three large bands of 200 each, and small bands of 20 each. The small bands were commanded by thirty officers, one for each band, who together formed *^ the thirty,'* and the three large bands by three officers, who together formed *'the three," and the whole by one chief, 'Hhe captain of the mighty men" (2 Sam. xxlii, 8-39 ; 1 Chron. xl, 9-47). There seems to have been a second or altomato set to **the three," and in this grade, as well as among the subaltern ** thirty," one is apparently named as outranking his colleagues. There b considerable difficulty in adjusting their rela- tive position, and two or three names appear to have been omitted. The sixteen additional names given in 1 Chron. xi may be those of alternates to " the thir- ty." Of "the thirty,'* some few only are known to fame elsewhere. Asahel, David's nephew (1 Chron. xi, 26 ; 2 Sam. ii, 18) ; Elhanan, the victor of at least one Goliath (1 Chron. xi, 26; 2 Sam. xxi, 19); Joel, the brother or son (Sept.) of Nathan (1 Chron. xi, 88) ; Naharai, the armor-bearer of Joab (1 Chron. xi, 39 ; 2 Sam. xxiii, 37) ; Eliam, the son of Ahttophel (2 Sam. xxiii, 34) ; Ira, one of David's priests (1 Chron. xi, 40; 2 Sam. xxiii, 38; xx, 26); Uriah the HiUito (1 Chron. xi, 41; 2 Sam. xxiii, 39; xi, 3). See Hof- mann, Ge$chichte der Helden David's (in his Ex^. krit, Abhandlunffen, No. vi).
The following is a corrected and classified list of the noted warriors of David's yetorans. See each name in its alphabetical place.
Na CM^o/aU. L Jashobeam (sou of Zabdiel), a descendant of UachmoD
Principal Three, 8. Eleasar (son of Dodo), a deeoendant of
Ahoah
8. ShAininah (son of Agee [Shage ?]), of the moontains of Jut* (4) Unknown.
Secondary Three. R. Abishai (son of Zeruiah), captain .
6. Benaiah (son of Jehdada)
(7.) Unknown.
Subordinate Thirty, (8.) lamaiah of Gibeah, captain [1 Chron. xli, 4] 9. Asahel (brother of Joab)
10. Klhanan (son of Dodo) of Bethlehem
1 1. Shammah of Harod, of the liiM^^ of Zarah [tnika of Harod]
12. Helez of Palon, in Ephraim
13. Ira (son of Ikkesh) of Tekoa
14. Ableser of Anathoth, in Benjamin. ......
Vk SibbecaL, a descenduifc of I^hah, of the
lineage of Zarah
16. ZaImoD. a descendant of Ahoah
17. Mabarai of Netophat, of the lineage of Zarah 13. Heled (eon of Baanah, of khe lineage of
Othniel) of Netophat
1». Ittai (son of Ribai) of Gibeah, in Benjamin
20. Benaiah of Pirathon, in Ephraim
21. Hural, of the valleys of (Hash
22. Ablel of Beth-Arabah
23. Azmaveth (son of Adlel) of Bahnrim.
24. Ellahba of Shaalbin
26. Jonathan (son of 'J -.. ^ _ ^ , . /
Shaee) f ^^^^^ monntalns of (
ii-i
26. Ahlaii: (son of 8a^ ( •^?4^ descendants I
Shage) ihiam (Svu «i oii- 1 ^# 1 i_ ' »w. — ^ \
car) ) of Jwhen of Gizoh I
2T. EUpheiet (son ofAhatbal [Ur]) rHephefJ
of Maachah
28. Eliam [Ahyah] (son of Ahithopheb of Gi-
lohCPelon]
2». Hesrai of Carmel .,'.'.','.
80. Naarai (son of Ezbai) of Arab
81 Joel [Igal] (brother [son] of Nathan) of
82. Mlbhar [Bani], a HagironeVof the tribe of
Gad)
88. Zelek, an Ammonite
84 Naharai (Joab*8 armor-bearer) of Beeroth
86. (>areb} <3c"<^i^dant0 of Jethro Bt! Uriah, a HItttte
I
12
^1
No.
Supplementary Sixteen.
Zabad (ion of Aphlal) I
Adina (son of Shiza), of the tribeof Beoben
IJanan (son of Idaachah) '
Jehoshnphat of Methen !. . . .
Uulah of Asliteroth
jSdT} («»» of Hothan) of Aroer .... |
j^*®H(soniof8hlmri).ofTl«»h |
Ellel of Maharah
j«1ISl.h}<'«>"<'a--) }
Ithmah, a Moabite
Eliel
^H
Obed
Jasiel of Mesobaiah.
G
c. Side by side with this mOitar^r orgudzatiGs «e established social and moral institotiona. Son «e entirely for pastoral, agricaltnral, aod finasd^i* poses (1 Chron. xxyii, 25-31), others for jndky Chron. zxvi, 29-32). Some few aire named as tm tnting what would now be called the cooit or oa of the king; the coonciUors, Ahithophel of Gikifa a. Jonathan the king*s nephew (1 Chron. zzrn. 31^ the companion or ** friend" Hnshai (1 Chron. xni 33; 2 Sam. XV, 37; xvi, 19); the scribe. SieTt, or !«' raiah, and at one time JoDAth«n (2 Sain.xx.£;l Chron. xxvii, 82) ; Jehoshaphat, the records « b- torian (2 Sam. xx, 24) ; and Adoram the tax^^tc&i both of whom sorvived him (2 Sam, xx, 24; I Ka^ xii, 18 ; iv, 3, 6). The eaimet of David Qiwtmj use a modem name) is thus given (1 Chron. xxa.£ -84) with reference to a time which piraccded Abadszi revolt: 1, Jonathan, David's uncle, a connadl«,ni man, and scribe ; 2, Jehiel, son of Hachmoni, totor ir to the king's sons ; 3, Ahithophel, the king's cooa- lor ; 4, Hushai, the king's companion ; 5, aUsr Aiad- ophel, JehoiadOf ike em of Benaiak; % Abiathir if priest. It is added, **and the genoal of the ki^! army was Joab."
Each tribe had ito own head (1 Chnm. xxrii, IS-^* Of these, the most remarkable were Elifao, Dinf > brother (probably Eliab), prince of Jndah (ver. In and Jaasiel, the son of Abner, of Benjamin (f?r.ri Twelve rojal bailiffs are recited aa a part of Wi^ establishment (1 Chron. xxvii, 26, 81), having tbe tf- lowing departments under their charge : 1, Tbe tn«- ures of gold, silver, etc. ; 2, the magazioes; 3, iki tillage (wheat, etc. ?) ; 4, the vineyards ; 5, tiie i^ cellars; 6, the olive and sycamore trees; 7,tk63- cellars ; 8, the herds in Sharon ; 9, the herds ia tk valleys ; 10, the cameb ; 11, the asses ; 12, the &x^ The eminently prosperous state in which David 1^ his kingdom to Solomon appears to prove tint be f» on the whole faithfully served, and that his own ex- cellent intentions, patriotic spirit, and derait pietr (measured, as it must be, by the standard of tkse ages), really made his reign beneficial to Us aeb^