whole of the passage is as follows : '* Dedan [was] thy merchant in precious clothes for chariots. Arabia, and all the princes of Kedar, they occupied with thee in lambs, and rams, and goats : in these [were they] thy merchants. The merchants ot Sheba and Baamah they [were] thy merchants : they occupied in thy fairs with chief of all spices, and with all precious stones, and gdd. Haran, and Canneh, and Eden, the mer- chants of Sheba, Asshur, [and] Chilmad, [were] thy merchants'* (Ezek. xxvii, 20-28). We have here a Dedan connected with Arabia (probably the north- western part of the peninsula) and Kedar, and also with the finther and brother of the Cushite Dedan (Baamah and Sheba), and these latter with Asiatic peoples commonly placed in the regions bordering the head of the Persian gulf. This Dedan, moreover, is a merchant, not in pastoral produce, in sheep and goats, but in ** precious clothes," in contradistinction to Ara- bia and Kedar, like the fSu*-off Eastern nations who came with '* spices, and precious stones, and gold," *'blue clothes and broidered work," and "chests of rich apparel."
The probable inferences from these mentions of De- dan support the ar;^ment first stated, namely, 1. That Dedan, son of Baamah, settled on the shores of the Persian gulf, and his descendants became caravan- merchants between that coast and Palestine. 2. That Jokshan, or a son of Jokshan, by intermarriage with the Cushite Dedan, formed a tribe of the same name, which appears to have had its chief settlement in the borders of IdmnsBa, and perhaps to have led a pastoral life.
All traces of the name of Dedan, whether in Idu- msda or on the Persian gulf, are lost in the works of Arab geographers and historians. The Greek and Bo- man geographers, however, throw some light on the eastern settlement; and a native indication of the name is presumed to exist in the island of Dddan, on the borders of the gulf (see Bochart, Phaleg, iv, 6; Assemani, Bibi. Orient, III, i, 146, 168 ; ii, 184, 660, 664, 604, 744 ; Btisching, Atia, p. 662 ; Wahl, Deecr, Asite, p. 689; Niebuhr, Arabien^ p. 808 sq. ; Heeren, Jdeen^ I, ii, 227, 419 ; Barbosa, Bammo raccolte, i, 288). The identification must be taken in connection with the recovery of the name of Sheba, the other son of Baa- mah, on the island of Aw&l, near the Arabian shore of the same gulf.— Smith, s. v. See Baamaw.
Ded'anlm (Heb. Dedanim', ^'^^^^t *^ patrial from Dedan; Sept. Aac^av), the descendants of the Arabian Dbdak (q. v.), spoken of (Isa. xxi, 18) as engaged in commerce. Some, however, foUowhig the various ren- dering of the versions (Michaelis, Sficileg. i, 116 sq.), have thought the Bhodiane to be meant, and others have even conjectured an allusion to the Dodona^ a fa- mous oracle of Epims (Strabo, vii, 604-7, ed. Almelon.).
Dedicate (prop, "rpn, chanak\ to initiate, Dent. XX, 6 ; 1 Kings viii, 68 ; 2 Chron. vii, 6 ; elsewhere ^*^^pn, hakduh^ to haUow, and other Heb. terms), a religious ceremony whereby any thing is dedicated or consecrated to the service of God ; and it appears to have originated in the desire to commence^ with peculiar so- lemnity, the practical use and application of whatever had been set apart to the divine service. Thus Moses dedicated the tabernacle in the wilderness (Exod. xl ; Num. vii) ; Solomon his Temple (1 Kings viii) ; the re- turned exiles theirs (Ezra vi, 16, 17) ; Herod his (Jose- phus, Aid. XV, 11, 6). The Maccabees, having cleansed the Temple ttom its pollutions under Antiochus Epipha- nes, again dedicated the altar (1 Mace, iv, 62-69), and an annual fe^val was established in commemoration of the event. This feast was celebrated not only at Jerusalem, but everywhere throughout the country, in which respect it diflered from the feasts of the Pass- over, Pentecost, and Tabernacles, which could only be observed at Jerusalem. See below.
DEDICATION
726
DEDICATION
Kot .only were lacred places thus dedicated, but some kind of dedicatory solemnity was observed with respect to cities, walls, gates, and even prirato booses (Deot. XX, 6 ; Psa. xxx, title ; Neb. xil, 27). We may trace the continnance of these usages in the custom of con- secrating or dedicating cbnrchee and chapels, and in the ceremonies connected with the *' opening" of roads, markets, bridges, etc, and with the laonching of ships. —Kitto, s. ▼. See Coksbcratiov.
DEDICATION, the Feast of the (rd iyicaipuL^ the renetoal, John x, 22 [which the Sept has in Num. Tii, 10] ; Vulg. encaima\ the festival instituted to com- memorate the purging of the Temple and the rebuild- ing of the altar after Judas Maccabsus had driven out the Syrians, B.C. 164 (1 Mace, iv, 62-69, where it is 6 iyKoivuTfWQ Tov ^^Tiarripiov, the reetaraUon qfiheal- toTy because the old and profaned altar was then re- placed ; but in 2 Mace x, 6, 6 Ko^apiofxb^ rov vaov^ the purification of the Temple: the modem Jews call it simply chanMkah^ ns^^n [^* dedicatioiiy" as occurs in Num. vii, 10, 11, 84, 88 ; 2 Chron. vii, 9 ; Neh. xii, 27 ; Psa. xxx, title; Esra vi, 16, 17; Dan. Ui, 2, 8], as in the Mithna ; but Josephus, Afd, xii, 7, 7, styles it ^Crra, lighii). The following account of it is chiefly from Kitto, s. T. See Aittioohub EpiPHAirBa.