Deputy stands in our version as a translation of two Heb. and one Greek term.
1. This rendering occurs in 1 Kings xii, 47, of the 3UD, nitsUab' (literally set over), or prafect, apparently constituted a sheik by common consent of the Edom- itish clans prior to royalty. See Duke. It is also spoken of the ** officers" or chiefs of the commissariat appointed by Solomon (1 Kings iv, 6, etc.) See Pur- veyor.
2. The same rendering occurs in Esther viii, 9 ; ix, 8, of the nuyiypechah' (pehhdh, a Sanscrit term, whence the modem pasha), or Persian prafect on this side the Euphrates ; applied also to the *' governors" of infe- rior rank in the Assyrian, Babylonian, and Median empires, and even to the governor of Jerusalem. See Governor.
8. Proconsul (ivOviraroc) was the proper title of the governor of a Roman province when appointed by the senate. See Province. Several such are men- tioned in the Acts, viz. Sergius Paulns In Cyprus (xiii, 7,8, 12), Gallic in Achaia (xviii, 12), and the chief of- ficer of Achaia, whose court is indefinitely referred to in ch. xix, 88, by the use of the plural (see Smith *s Diet, of Class. Antiq. s. v. Proconsul). See Procon- sul.
Der'bd (A*p/3ij, Acta xiv, 20, 21 ; xvi, 1 ; adject. AtpPato^, Acts XX, 4), a small town situated in the
DERCETO
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DERVISHES
eastern part of the great upland plain of Ljcaonia, which stretches from Iconium (q. v.) eastward alon^ the north side of the chain of Taurus (Smith's Diet, of Clcus, Geogr, s. v.)* It must have Ijeen somewhere near the place where the pass called the Cilician Gates opened a way from the low plain of Cilicla to the table- land of the interior ; and probably it was a stage upon the great road which passed this way. It appears that Cicero went through Derbe on his route from Ci- licia to Iconium (ad Fam. xui, 73). Such was PauVs route on his second missionary Journey (Acts xv, 41 ; xvi, 1, 2), and probably also on the third (xviii, 28 ; xix, 1). In his first journey (xiv, 20, 21) he approach- ed from the other side, viz. from Iconium, in conse- quence of persecution in that place and at Lystra (q. v.). No incidents are recorded as having happened at Derbe. In harmony with this, it is not mentioned hi the enumeration of places in 2 Tim. iii, 11. ** In the apostolic history Lystra and Derbe are commonly mentioned together: in the quotation from the epistle, Lystra is mentioned and not Derbe. The distinction is accurate, for St. Paul is here enumerating his perse- cutions" (Paley, Hora Panlinm^ in loc.). It is uncer- tain whether Lystra or Derbe was the birthplace of Timothy ; the former seems to be the more likely from Acts xvi, 1, 2. Derbe was the home of another of PauVs favored companions. Gains (Acts xx, 4). Str&- bo places Derbe at the -edge of Isauria {Gtogr, xi, p. 892, ed. Casaubon ; comp. Ptolemy, v, 6, 17) ; but in the Synecdemut of Hierocles (Wesseling, p. 675, where the word is Afp/3ai) it is placed, as in the Acts of the Apostles, in Lycaonia. The boundaries of these dis- tricts were not very exactly defined. The whole neighborhood, to the sea-coast of Cilicia (q. v), was no- torious for robbery and piracy. Antipater, the friend of Cicero (ad Fam. xiii, 78) was the bandit chieftain of Lycaonia. Amyntas. king of Galatta (successor of Deiotams II), murdered Antipater, and incorporated his dominions with his own. Under the Roman pro- vincial government, Derbe was at first placed in a cor- ner of Cappadocia (q. v.); but other changes were sub- sequently made. See Galatia. Derbe does not seem to be mentioned in the Byzantine writers. Leake says (Asia Minor, p. 102) that its bishop was a sufiVagan of the metropolitan ot Iconium. A full account of the surrounding country is given in Conybeare and How- son's Life of St. Paul, i, 211, 296 sq. Consult also Hamilton in the Journal of the Geog. Society.
Three ?ites have been assigned to Derbe. (1.) By Colonel Leake (A»a Minor, p. 101) it was supposed to be at Bin bir-Kilisseh, at the foot of the Karadagh, a remarkable volcanic mountain which rises fh>m the Lycaonian plain ; but this is almost certainly the site of Lystra. (2.) In Kiepert's Map Derbe is marked farther to the east, at a spot where there are ruins, and which is in the line of a Roman road. (3.) Ham- ilton (Researches in Asia Minor, ii, 818) and Texier (Asie Mineure, ii, 129, 130) are diisposed to place it at IHvU, a little to the S.W. of the last position, and nearer to the roots of Taurus. In favor of this view there is the important fact that Steph. Byz. says that the place was sometimes called AeX/3eta, which in the Lycaonian language (see Acts xiv, 11) meant a "juni- per-tree" Moreover, he speaks of a Xtfiip/ (harbor) here, which (as Leake and the French translators of Strabo suggest) ought probably to be Xifivtf (lake); and, if this is correct, the requisite condition is satis- fied by the proximity of the Lake Ak G5l, Wieseler (Chronol. der apost. Zeitalter, p. 24) takes the same view, though he makes too much of the possibflity that Paul, on his second journey, travelled by a minor pass to the W. of the Cilician Gates. On the other hand, this location seems too far from the ancient road (com- pare Cellar. Notit. ii, 202 sq.).— Smith, s. v. See Ly- caonia.