pupil, and fbr that end connived at all his excesses. Finally he succeeded, in 1692, in inducing the duke to marry Mademoiselle de Blois, a legitimized daughter of Louis XIV, who revrarded him for this service by giving him the abbey of St. Just. We now find him mixed in all the political events of the time. Two years after the death of Louis XIV he was made coun- cillor of state by the regent, and soon fimnd himself at the head of the government. Intent only on far- thering his own interests, Dubois's policy was the pre- cise opposite of Louis XIV's, and he became the obedi- ent agent of England, with which power and Holland he concluded the treaty called the Threefold Alliance, at Hague, Jan. 14, 1717. Appointed minister of for- eign affairs, Dubois wished to be also archbishop, and especially cardinal, as Richelieu and Mazarin had been. He had caused, for tliat end, the bull Urdgmitw to be registered in France, but had obtained nothing but promises Arom Clement XI. The archbishopric of Cambrai becoming vacant, Dubois applied fbr it, al- though he had only received the tonsure, without be- ing in holy orders. The regent acceded 'to his de- mand, and after receiving all the necessary ordina- tions in one day, Dubois was consecrated June 9,1720, all the most eminent members of the French clergy, with the exception of the cardinal de Noailles, tak-
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ing part in the ceremony. He was made a cardi- nal in 1721 by Innocent XI (q. v.), whom, it is said, he helped with large sums of money at the time of his election. Dubois finally became prime minister in 1722, and president of the assembly of the French clergy. In this position he proved a capable and in- telli^nt administrator, but ambitious and thorough- ly unprincipled. He died at Versailles August 10, 1723. The duchess of Orleans, mother of the regent, wrote of him: ** If abbot Dubois had as much honesty and religion as he has wit, he should be an excellent man ; but he believes in nothing, and regards neither manners nor truth. He b very learned ; he has taught my son, but yet I could wbh that he had never seen him." Dubois, besides the archbishopric of Cambrai, had seven abbeys, and his revenues amounted to two millions, not counting a million he was said to have received from England for his secret services. See Duclos, Mem. secrets sur les rhgnes de Louis XlVetde Lonis XV; Saint-Simon, Memoires^ xviii-xx; G. Bm- net, MenuAres de la Princesse Palatine; Sismondi, Hist, des FranfcdSf xxvi to xxviii ; S^velinges, Mem, seer, et Corresp, inid, du Cardinal G, Dubois^ etc. Paris, 1814 ; Hoefer, Nouv. Biog, GMrak, xiii, 859 sq.
Bubno, Salomo ben-Toel, bom Oct. 12, 1738, at ibno, Russia, is best known by his Masoretic labors
the Pentateuch, and by his efforts to advance poetic Iture among his countrymen. The great reforma- m in Judaism and Hebrew literature, which had mmenced under the leadership of Mendelssohn, at- &cted Dubno to Berlin, where he at one time lived id labored with the great Jewish reformer. At the ;e of 26 he edited Salomo ben-Moses*s (also called amberger) work on the accents of Job, Proverbs, and e Psalms, which he published in 1765, under the title ' n^*»53 ■'^5», P<wte Jucvnditatis (2d ed. 1777). In '68 he commenced, in Hebrew, a commentary on the entateuch, which Mendelssohn translated into Gef- an. Some misunderstanding having sprung up be- ?een himself and Mendelssohn, he discontinued this ork, after having completed only ^BD hy 1!|&<2i ■'l^Xtl?* Commentary on Genesis (BerlJ 1781^3; Vil nna, 1791, 1806, etc.). The remaining books were inshed by Mendelssohn, with the aid of other leam- 1 men. See Mendelssohn. He wrote also l^pH i^^BD, a Masoretic Commentary on Genesis and Ex- *«, printed with Mendelssohn^s translation in 1881- 3. He died in Amsterdam June 26, 1831. — Etheridge, ntroduction to Hebrew IMeraturt, p. 396, 421; Kitto, 'tfclopcedia, i, 707.
Dubois, GuiLLAUME, a French prelate and states- nan, was bom at Brives-la-Gaillarde Sept. 6, 1656. le studied at the college of St. Michael, at Paris, and iterwards became tutor in the fSunily of the marquis le Pleuvant, and later of the duke of Orleans. He pared no pains to obtain the full confidence of his
Dnbosc, PiERBB Thomdhss, a French Befonned minister, was bom in 1623 at Bayeux, in Normandy, and became minister of the Protestant church at Caen, and afterwards at Rotterdam, where he died in 1692. Having, in 1688, addressed Louis XIV on the subject of an edict directed against the Protestants, the king said that *^ Dnbosc was the finest orator of the whole kingdom." He had a grand and elevated genius, a happy imagination, a discriminating and solid judg-
DUBOURG
906
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ment Hia constant aim in his sermons was to en- force the inseparable connection between faith, and holiness, and final salvation. He poblished Sermotu tur r^fiitre cmx Epkidau (Rott 1699, 8 vols. foL):— Sermom tur dUfen textu (Rott. 1692-1701, 4 roU. 8vo). 9^VkdeDu Bom: (Rott 1794, 8to) ; Darling.Cjyc^. BibUographica ; Haag, La Frimce PniettcuUe, t, iii ; Vinet, ffittoirt de la PridicaiioH, Paris, 1860, 850 sq.