Dubonrg, Axxs, one of the most interesting char- acters of French Protestantism, is noteworthy on ao- coant of his accomplishments, his lovely character, and his tra;^cal end. He was bom in the year 1521, of one of the best families in the Aovergne. In early life he devoted himself to the study and practice of law, and afterwards became a professor of civil law in the University of Orleans. At this period Calvin's writings were anlversally read, and Marot's psalms were upon every lip. Dubourg conscientiously exam- ined the Protestant doctrines in order to arrive at the truth. He was well versed in the Scriptures, and ac- quainted with the early ftthers and with the history of the Church, as his replies to his judge clearly show. On Easter, 1557, he still belonged to the Roman Church, and communed in it. On Oct. 19 of that year he was appointed as a spiritual counsellor to the Parisian Par- liament, which exercised the immediate supervision over the University of Orleans. His learning had procured him this position without cost, which was rare in those days. His religious convictions were un- known ; but, in order to enter upon his position, he was ordained subdeacon and deacon. His real views, however, soon became apparent. During Easter, 1558, he attended mass for the last time, and soon after- wards he took part in Protestant assemblages, and communed with them. The choicest members of the Parliament, including the presidents Harlay and Se- gnier, sympathized with him. The Roman Catholic party, finding the Parliament likely to be at least just, if not kind, towards Protestantism, appealed to the king (Henry II), representing to him the danger which threatened the faith. He appeared in Parliament at- tended by a large train, and in a short and violent speech expressed lus desire that the Parliament would be more zealous in its support of the Church. When it was Dubourg's time to speak, he pointed out the wrong involved in permitting great criminals, as blas- phemers, adulterers, etc., to go unpunished, while the most severe measures were adopted against innocent persons. Henry II was highly offended, and Dubourg was dragged to the Bastile, and his trial was at once ordered. Contrary to the laws, by which members of Parliament could only be tried by the assembled cham- ber, the king appointed a commission, made up of avowed enemies of Protestantism, and Dubourg was ordered to acknowledge this tribunal, if he did not de- sire to be condemned without a trial. Dubourg ap- pealed in vain to the archbishops of Paris, Sens, and Lyons, who had jurisdiction over him as a spiritual councillor. The death of Henry II brought the Guises into power, who were still more zealous in the perse- cution of Protestants. Dubourg openly avowed his connection with the new Church, but could not be in- duced to discover the names of its members, or the time and place of their assemblages. He intended to hand a strongly evangelical and scriptural confes- sion of faith to his judges, but some of his friends in- duced him to compose and transmit another, which was less objectionable to the Catholics. A letter from Mariorat, at that time pastor of the evangelical church at Paris, induced him, however, to forward the first confession, and he thus sealed his doom. According to law, an avowal of Protestantism was punishable with death. The cardinal of Lorraine urged the pros- ecution of Dubourg because he had ascertained that elector Friederich III of the Palathiate intended to secure Dubourg as a professor for Heidelberg. The president Minard was assassinated on Dec 12, and
this was constned into a oonspineylslrgrsfa accused. Sentence was pronoonced hj hi&« against Dnbourg on the 21st of DeoMiber,tB ikt^ feet that he was to be hanged sad tben bant Ii voice was raised in his fkvor. Two dajs liter tkn tenoe was executed (December 28, 1569). Di^ was the first French Protestant of tlw i^ da who sealed his confession witii bb bfeoi Riiea (noticed above) sides completely vithtbetae^c Calvin as contradistingtUdied from tbe Lathns «■ trines. — La vrofe kutwt cmkmmt Tmpejf^ coiUre Ame Dwbowy (Anvers, 1561, 12bo); fiM^ii France ProUMamU, v<^. iv ; Schott, is Hmqg'i^ EmcjfUop. xix, 487.
Doc, Fbozctoh du (Latin form FbohoDtu:^. a French Roman Cath(4ic theologisn,vitbi)naS» deaux in 1558, and entered the order of Jews nn early age. In 16M he was made litmiu tf t^ti lege of Clermont, in Paris, in whielicfiee he fpot^ rest of his lifis, devoted to literatore, espediflrFiBh tics. He died at Paris, September HA&L Abc: his numerous publications are OpmaiaQnfnSf teni (Ingolstadt, 1596, 8vo) ; LaaiaAtSmleirmil^ tyrum (Paris, 1606, 4to) ; S. Joamm Clf|Mtai Opn Omma (Paris, 1609-1624, 6 vols. foL), aralLi^i very creditable to the editor's eroditioB asd ishaT: BMotheca Vetenm Pairvm, sea ScnfUorm l£Ad» corum (Paris, 1624, 2 vols. foL); Afapkn Qfirf^ cUtUuUccB ffittoria &5ri2vm (Pars, 1^ 2 reki^L posthumous). See Dujan, EcckMuHeri Wtikn,(BL xvii ; Hoefer, Nowv. Biog. Ghtirak; Kwaaa,MmKt. xxxviii, 108.
Ducange, Charles dc Frnse, n French scholar, was bom at Amiess Dttnia U 1610. His name was really Da Fntse; ba k bt was sieur Du Cange, he is gcnersUy Mnedbytk!^ ter tide. He studied at the Jesoiti' Colkfe is ^ ens, and afterwards pursued law stodiei it <^ He was received as athocat au paiim^ lifeti 1631. In a few years he abandoned Um hn, ntt* to Amiens, and devoted hhnself to tbe itsdjef ^ and philosophy. In 1668 he wss diivea \»d UPa by the plague, and died there October 2S, 108. ''B works, which in number and extent §ntiasAwe^ ible, abundantly prove his rigiit to be cxa^ consummate historian, an exact geograiikr. al > good lawyer, genealogist, and antiqnu?. Hi ^ nearly every language, and derived, from his »«"• es into an infinite number of sncieot ooBKne^* singular acquaintance with the msnners oA ssg of the Middle Ages." Among his pnUicttioise?* toire de F Empire de CotuUmimopk ms la E^[ Fnm^ (Paris, 1657, fo\.):^TrtiUekubnptii^., de S. Jean BaptUte (Paris, 1666, 4to):-(»«ntf j^ acriptoret inedi<B et mfanm LatimtatU (P«n^ ^^ vols. fol. ; Frankfort, 1681, and sgiio in 1710; Bff- dictine edition, 6 vols. foL, 1738^ to^^^ Carpentier published a Supplement, P»r.i:«S,<* fol. ; new editidn, by Henschel, Psife, 1^<*^ '^ 4to; also supplementarv voL by DicfeolaA Fiefc 1857; abridgment by Adelung,Htl«,1772,6T5fe^^ Glos$arium ad $cnptare$ media eiv^Gf'^^ 1688, 2 vols. fol.). The Glotsanmbiiiti^* ' most useful work for the understanding of tie »^ ous writers of the Dark or Middle A««,7^*jTw centuries, a corrupt and barbaroas ^*"''**^^ literary language of Europe. AD ** '^'^^ these writers, which are not fbund in ^*?v^ ity, are ranged in alphabetical order, «thw«" ous meanings, their etymology, and re^^^f^^ authorities. Thfa work is also naefnl for "^^ ing old charters, and other legal docomats «« date. The labor and research requlwd ^rZ, lation of such a work can be best ■PP'f^*™^^-^ who have frequent occasion to consnH it" (pr ^ pasdto, s. v.). Many MS. works of I>»»»«*f^ served In the royal library at Pam. See t^