The modern emerald is a species of beryl, of a beau- tiful green color, which occurs in primitive crjstals, and is much valued for ornamental jewelr}'. The finest are olttained from Peru. The mines from wliich. the ancients obtained emeralds are said to have existed in Egypt, near Mount Zabarah. (See the Penny Cyclo- pcedia, s. v. Beryl.)
Em'erods. See Hemorrhoids.
Emerson, John S., a Congregational minister and missionary, was bora at Chester, N. H., in 1802 ; grad- uated at Dartmouth College in 1826, and studied the- ology at Andover. He had studied with special ref- erence to the niissionar}' work, and went, under the auspices of the American Board, to the Sandwich Isl- ands, and was appointed to Waialua, Oahu, where he spent nearlj' the whole of his missionaiy life, laboring with zeal and success. For four j'ears he was profess- or in the Lahainaluna seminar}', and while there he prepared (with other writers) an Evglish-Haivaiian Dictionary. He died at Waialua March 28, 1867. — American Annual Cyclopedia, vii, 559.
Emerson, Ralph, D.D., a Congregational divine and scholar, was born at Hollis, N. H., August 18, 1787, and was educated at Yale College, where he graduated in 1811 with the highest honors of his class. After studying theologj' at Andover until 1814, he was tutor at Yale for a short time, and in 1816 became pastor at Norfolk, Conn. In 1827 he was chosen professor of Church history and pastoral theology at Andover, which office he held until 1854. He lived for five years at Newburyport, and then removed to Rockford, Illinois, where some of liis children resided, and where he died. May 20, 18G3. As a teacher, he maintained a high character during his long service at Andover. — Congregational Quarterly, July, 1863.
Emery, Jacques Andre, an eminent French Ro- man Catholic divine, was born at Gex, August 27, 1732, and studied in the Jesuits' College at Macon, and also at St. Sulpice, Paris. He was ordained in 1756; became professor of theology at Orleans 1759 ; and af- terwards he held the chair of philosophy at Lyons ; in 1776, superior of the seminary at Angers ; 1784, head of the abbey of Boisgroland, and also head of the con- gregation of St. Sulpice. In 1789 he founded a sem- inary of his congregation at Baltimore, Maryland.
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During the French Ecvohition he was imprisoned both at St. Pelagie and at the Conciergerie. In 1802 he re- sumed liis place among the clergy of Paris, and de- voted himself to the restoration of the scattered and broken congregation of St. Sulpice. He died April 18, 1811. Among his numerous writings are U Esprit de Leibnitz (Lyons, 1772, 2 vols. 12mo ; Paris, 1804, 2 vols. 8vo) -.—Esprit de St. Therhse (3d edit. Avignon, 1825, 2 vols. 12mo). — Hoefer, Nouv. Biogr. Generule, xv, 943 ; Wetzer und Welte, Kirchen-Lexikon, xii, 315.
E'mini (Heb. Eymim' , □"'^'^X, terrors; Sept. 'Ofi- fiaioi and 'Oj-t^nit'; Auth. Vers. "Emims"), a numer- ous and warlike tribe of the ancient Canaanites, of gi- gantic stature, defeated by Chedorlaomer and his allies in the ])lain of Kiriathaim ; they occupied, in the time of Abraham, the country east of the Jordan, afterwards possessed by the Moabites (Gen. xiv, 5 ; Deut. ii, 10, 11). See Caxaan. An ingenious writer in the Jour. of Sac. Lit. (April, 1852, p. 55 sq. ; Jan. 1853, p. 296) argues, but upon rather slender grounds, that their original title was Shittim, and identities them with the C/ietta so often referred to in the Egyptian inscrip- tions. It would appear, from a comparison of Gen. xiv, 5-7 with Deut. ii, 10-12, 20-23, that the whole countrj' east of Jordan was, in primitive times, held by a race of giants, all probably of the same stock, com- prehending the Eephaim on the north, next the Zuzim, after them the Emim, and then tlie Horim on the south ; and that afterwards the kingdom of Bashan embraced the territories of the first ; the country of the Ammonites, the second; that of the Moabites, the third; while Edom took in the mountains of the Horim. The whole of them were attacked and pillaged by the East- ern kings who destroyed Sodom and Gomorrah. See Eephaim. The Emim were related to the Anakim, and were generally called by the same name ; but their conquei-ors, the Moabites, termed them Emim — that is, "Terrible men" (Deut. ii, 11) — most probabh' on account of their fierce aspect. See An.\kim.
Eminence, a title of the Eomisli cardinals, first given to them I))' Urban YIII, to endow them with a rank equal to that of the spiritual princes of Europe, and of the grand masters of the knights of St. John and of Malta. See Cardinals.
Emlyn, Thomas, an English Nonconformist the- ologian, was born May 27, 1603, at Stamford, in Lin- colnshire ; made chaplain 1G83 by the countess of Donegal. In 1691 he became assistant to Mr. Boj'ce in the congregation of Nonconformists in Wood Street, Dublin. Having imbibed and preached Arian doc- trines, he was deprived of his functions, and fined and imprisoned for two years. Eestored to liberty, he con- tinued to ])reach and to write in favor of Arianism until his death, Jul}' 30, 1743. His Works were col- lected and published in London, 1746 (3 vols. 8vo). Waterland notices Emlyn's writings frequentlj^ (see the Inde.x to his works, 6 vols. 8vo). See also Dorner, Person ofChiist (Edinb. transl.), div. ii, vol. iii, 357.