Emman'uel ('Em.iai'oviiX'), a Grajcized form (Matt, i, 23) of the name Immanuel (q. v.).
Eni'maiis ('E/i/zaoi'ir, prob. from Qi^"', hot batJis, see Gen. xxxvi, 24), the name of three places in Pal- estine.
1. A village (kwju?;) 60 stadia (A. V. " furlongs") or 7^ miles from Jerusalem, noted for our Lord's inter- view with two disciples on the clay of his resurrection (Luke xxiv, 13). The same place is mentioned by Josephus ( War, vii, 6, 6), and placed at the same dis- tance from Jerusalem, in stating that Vespasian left 800 soldiers in Judrea, to whom he gave the village of Ammaiis (A/f/iftoT'c). The direction, however, is not given in either passage. Eusebius and Jerome {Ono- mast. s. V. 'Eiif-utovc, Emmaus) hold that it is identical ■with Kicopolis [see No. 2, below] ; and thl'v were fol- lowed by all geographers down to the commencement
of the 14th century (Reland, Palest, p. 758). Then, for some reason, it began to be supposed that the site of Emmaus was at the little village of Kubeihch, about 3 miles \V. of Nebj^ Samwil, the eminence N.W. of Jerusalem (jMaundeville, in Ear/t/ Travels in Palestine, p. 175 ; Ludolph. de Suchem, Itiner. ; Quaresmius, ii, 719; Robinson, Bib. lies, iii, 66, note). Mr.AVilliams regards Kuriet el-Enab as the true location {Joumal of Philolofiy, iv, 26), and Thomson inclines to the same position {Land and Book, ii, 308) ; but this view has little to recommend it, and the locality is otherwise appropriated. See Kirjath-Jearim. Schwarz thinks it difli"erent from Nicopolis, and that it is mentioned in the Talmud as Barur Chayil (?^n "isi-ia, i. e. chosen of the army) or Gihbor Chayil (b"ri "1125, i. e. heroes of the army, as being occupied by Eoman veterans), a name that he finds in " some ruins which the Arabs call Barhuraia, S. of Saris, 7| Eng. miles from Jeru- salem" (Pa^esi. p. 117, 118) ; but no such name appears on Van de Velde's Map (which lays down Saris at 7 miles N. of AV. from Jerusalem). In this uncertainty, the monkish identification witli el-Kubeibeh ("the lit- tle dome") may for the present be acquiesced in. This corresponds sufficiently in distance from Jerusa- lem (Eaumer, Palw<t. p. 169), being 7500 paces (Coto- vicus, p. 315), or 2| hours to the N.W. (Van de Velde, JIfemoir, p. 309) ; and containing the ruins of a convent and church (Tobler, Topoyraph. von. Jems, ii, 540), al- though Dr. Eobinson describes it {Bib. Pes. ii, 394) as "a village built up liy the government of Gaza on a stony, barren hill, without anything to mark it par- ticularl}' as an ancient site." On the evangelical in- cident at this place there are treatises in Latin by Harenberg (in his Otia Gandtrsh. p. 41-60) ; Walch (Jen. 1754). Zschokke {Das neutest. Emmaus beleiichfet, Schaft'h. 1865) argues at length in favor of the modern traditionary site ; and the chief building on the spot, known as the " castrum Arnoldi," has lately been bouL'ht by some zealous Catholics as a "hoh' place" {Bibliotheca Sacra, July, 1866, p. 517).
2. Emmaus {'Eppaovc, 1 Mace, iii, 40, etc; 'Af.iiia- OLX, Josephus, War, ii, 20, 4) or Nicopolis, a town in the plain of Philistia, at the foot of the mountains of Judah (.Jerome, in Dan. viii), 22 Eoman miles from Jerusalem, and 10 from Lydda {/tin. Ilieros. ed. Hes- sel, p. 600 ; Eeland, Palcest. p. 309). The name does not occur in the O. T. ; but the town rose to impor- tance during the later history of the Jews, and was a place of note in the wars of the Asmona^ans. It •v\as fortified hy Bacchides, the general of Antiochus Epiph- anes, when he was engaged in the war with Jonathan Maccabajus (Josephus, Ant. xiii, 1, 3; 1 JIacc. ix, 50). It was in the plain beside this city that Judas jNLicca- ba!us so signally defeated the Syrians with a mere handful of men, as related in 1 Mace, iii, 57; iv, 3; ix, 50. Under the Eomans, Emmaus became the capital of a toparchy (Josephus, ir«r, iii, 3, 5;. Pliny, v, 14). It was burned by the Eoman general Varus about A.D. 4. In the 3d century (about A.D. 220) it was rebuilt through the exertions of Julius Africanus, the well-known Christian writer, and then received the name Nicojwlis. Eusebius and Jerome frequentlj' re- fer to it in defining the positions of neighboring towns and villages {Chron. Pas. ad A.C. 223 ; Eeland, p. 759). Early writers mention a fountain at Emmaus, famous far and wide for its healing virtues (Sozomen, Hist, Eccl. V. 21) ; the cause of this Theophancs ascribes to the fact that our Lord on one occasion washed his feet in it {Chron. p. 41). The Crusaders still called it Ni- copolis, but confounded it with a small fortress farther south, on the Jerusalem road, now called I.atron (Will. Tyr. /fist, vii, 24). A small, miserable village called '.i/niriis still occupies the site of the ancient city. It stands on the western declivity of a low, rocky hill comnianiling the plain, and contiins the ruins of r.n old church a little south of the village, also two copi-
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ous fountains, one of which is doubtless the ancient medicinal spring (Robinson, liesearc/ies, ii, 363 ; Later lies. p. 146, 147 ; Tliomson, Ltind and Book, ii, 290).