Dr. Robinson has recently revived the old theorj' that the Emmaus of Luke is identical with Nicopolis, and lias supported it with his wonted learning, but not with his wonted conclusiveness (^Bib. lies, iii, Co, G6 ; Later Hes. p. 148). He endeavors to cast doubts on the accuracy of the reading t^iiKovra in Luke xxiv,13, because several uncial MSS. and a few unimportant cursive MSS. insert tKarur, thus making the distance 160 stadia, which would nearly corresi)ond to the dis- tance of Nicopolis. But the best MSS. have not this word, and the best critics regard it as an interpolation. There is a strong probability that some copyist who was acquainted with the city,, but not the village of Emmaus, tried thus to reconcile Scripture with his ideas of geography. The opinions of Eusebius, Jerome, and their followers, on a point such as this, are not of very great authority. \V'hen the name, of any noted place agreed with one in the Bilde they were not al- ways careful to see whether the position corresponded in like manner. Eunnaus-Nicopulis being a noted city in their day, they were led somewhat rashly to con- found it with the Emmaus of the Gospel. The cir- cumstances of the narrative are plainly opposed to the identity. The two disciples, having journeyed from Jerusalem to Emmaus in part of a day (Luke xxiv, 28, 29), left the latter again after the evening meal, and reached Jerusalem before it was very late (ver. 33, 42, 43). Now, if we take into account the distance, and the nature of the road, leading up a steep and difficult mountain, we must admit that such a journey could not be accomplished in less than from six to seven hours, so that the}' could not have arrived in Jerusalem till long past midnight. This fact seems conclusive against the identitj' of Nicopolis and the Emmaus of Luke (Roland, Palast. p. 427 sc[. ; Van de Velde, Jl/ernoir, p. 309). — Smith, s. v.
3. The name Emmaus, or Ammaus ('A^i/taoiV), was also borne b}' a village of Galilee close to Tiberias ; probaljly the ancient Hammatii (q.v.), i. e. hot springs — of which name Emmaus was but a corruption. The hot springs still remained in the time of Josephus, and are mentioned by him as giving name to the place (IFa?-, iv, 1, 3; Ant. xviii, 2, 3).
Em'mer ('Ejn/u'^p), given (1 Esdr. ix, 21) as the name of one of the priests whose "sons" had married foreign wives after the exile, in place of the Imjier (q. v.) of the Heb. text (Ezra x, 20).
Emmeran or Bmineram, a bishop of Poitiers in the 7th century. He left his see for the purpose of missionary labors in Hungary, but is said to have stopped in Bavaria three 3'ears, at the request of duke Theodo, to purify the Christianity of that duchy, where it was sadly mixed with paganism. After this he con- tinued his journey to Rome, and was waylaid and mur- dered by a son of the duke (Sept. 22, 652), because the daughter of the latter, Uta, claimed to have been dis- honored by Emmeran. After his death, a clergj'man, Wulilaich by name, maintained the innocence of Em- meran, saying that the latter, shorth' befoi-e his death, had told him that, in order to help Uta, he had allowed her to name him as seducer, though the real culprit ^yas Sieghart, the son of a judge. This statement of Wulflaich is said to have induced Theodo to bury him with great honors, and to exile his son to Hungarj'. Emmeran was soon venerated as a saint, and became one of the patron saints of the city and diocese of Rat- isbon. He is commemorated in the Church of Rome on the 22d of September. On pictures he is repre- sented as a bishop with a ladder. The accounts of Emmeran are very confused and conflicting ; the best one is given by Canisius, Lertioms A ntiqiur, iii, 1 . See Neander, Ck. Hist, iii, 39; Herzog, Renl-ICneyclop. iii, 779 ; Wetzer u. Welte, Kirchen-Lex. iii, 008.
Emmons, Nathaxaei,, D.D., one of the found- ers of a new school in Calvinistic theology, was born April 20 (O. S.), 1745, at East Haddani, Conn., a'town wliich was also the birthplace of the missionary broth- ers David and John Brainerd, of President Edward Dorr Griiftn and liis brother George D. Griffin, Esq., of the jurist Jeremiah Gates Brainard and the poet James Braiiuird Taylor. He was the sixth son, and the twelfth and youngest child of his parents. He entered Yale College in 1763, and was graduated with honor in 1767. Among his classmates were Gov. John Treadwell, the poet John Trumbull, Professor Samuel Wales, and Dr. Joseph Lyman, who, as long as they lived, exhibited a high degree of reverence for Dr. Em- mons. He studied theology first with Rev. Nathan Strong, of Coventry, Conn., and afterwards with Rev. Dr. John Smalle}', of Berlin, Conn., a divine who had been a pupil of Dr. Joseph Bellamy, and who exerted more influence than perhaps any other man in shaping the theological opinions of young Emmons. — In 1769 Emmons was approbated as a preacher, and on the 20th of April, 1773, was ordained pastor of the Congre- gational Church in Franklin, Mass. He remained sole pastor of this church fifty-four j-ears, and an ac- tive member of it sixty-seven years and five months. Among the members of the council which ordained him were his two special friends, Rev. Dr. Hopkins, of Newport, R. I., and Rev. Dr. Plart. of Preston, Conn., a son-in-law of Dr. Bellamy. During his active pas- torate at Franklin he was favored with three revivals of religion, one in 1784, one in 1794, and one in 1808-9. In the first of these revivals about seventy persons, in the second about thirty, and in the third about forty were thought to have consecrated themselves to Christ. One of his aphorisms was, " The seed which a faithful laborer sows is apt to come up when he retires from the field;" and as soon as Dr. Emmons was relieved of his sole pastorate at Franklin, he was gladdened by a fourth revival, in which thirty-six persons were add- ed to his church, and after nine or ten years he re- joiced in a fifth ingathering of the fruits which he had planted. He lived to see nearly four hundred of his parishioners profess their faith in Christ. One of them. Rev. Dr. Blake, has recorded: "Hardly a case of defection from the truth has ever occurred among those who were turned unto God under Dr. Ennnons's ministry." His examinations of candidates for church- membership were very rigid. — A large part of his in- fluence on the churches has been exerted through his theological pupils. Between eighty-six and a Inin- dred young men were guided by hiui in their studies preparatory to the Christian ministrj'. Of these pur pils several became useful as professors in our colleges and theological seminaries ; many, as sound and strong preachers. Forty-six of them are noticed in the bio- graphical dictionaries of eminent men. His impress upon them was decided and permanent. They were often called Emmonites. — Although he was an adept in metaphysical abstractions, j'et he aimed to be a practical man, not only in his influence on his pupils, but also in the general affairs of the Church and the State. He was the first president, and a father, if not the father of the Massachusetts Missionary Society, which was the parent of many philanthropic institu- tions. He was also one of the original editors of the Massachusetts Missionan/ Muffazine, which was the germ of the present iMissionary Herald. He was among tlie foremost in starting various trains of influ- ence which have now become parts of our history. When the masonic fraternitj' was most popular, he was a zealous anti-mason. When anti-slavery was most generallj' denounced, he was an active abolition- ist. It was often his lot to be an advocate of the weaker party. He was a decided Federalist in puli- tics, and pro<luced a great excitement by some of his political writings. Hi^ seldom visited his parishion- ers, still he was remarkable for his knowledge of their