EPHLAL
248
EPHOD
compelled the bishops to sign the sentence of deposi- tion. This, at last, ninety-six of them did, many, however, being first severely wounded ; Flavianus himself was treated with i.w.h excessive violence that he died of the injuries he had received witliiii three days ; it is said tliat Dioscorus jumped npon liun as he lay ujion the ground, and that liarsumas and the monks kicked him with the utmost brutality. To tlie con- demnation of Flavianus that of Eusebius of Dorylseum was added, which ended the first session; after which the legate Hilary, dreading fresh scenes of violence, fled secretly to Home. In the following sessions The- odoret of Tyre was deposed, also Domnus of Antioch and Ibas of Edessa; after which Dioscorus departed, and the bishops withdrew from Ephesus. Thus ended the (TVi'ocoi: X/jarpiKi), as the Greeks justly named this disgraceful assembly, in which violence and injustice were carried on to the utmost excess. — Landon, 3Iati- uctl of Coumils, p. 236 ; Mansi, Condi vi, 588 et al. ; Neander, Cli. Hist, ii, 509 sq. ; Gieseler, Ch. Jlist. § 89 ; Hefele, ConciUengeschichte , ii, 350 sq. ; Schaft", Church Jlist. ii, 3i8 ; iii, 738 ; Hagenbach, Hist, of Doctrines, i, 278 ; Herzog, Real- Encyklo}m< lie , iv, 81 ; AVetzer und "\Velte, Kirchen-Ler. iii, 610 ; Lewald, Die sogenannte Rdubersynode, in Illgen's Zeilschrlft fur d'. histor. The- ol. 1838, p. 39. See Dioscouus.
Eph'lal (Heb. Ephhd\ hhz^, jmlicator ; Sept. '0(p\(ic V. r. 'Aiji«ji(/;A,Vulg. Ophkd), son of Zaliad and father of Oiied, of the lineage of Sheshan, of Judah (1 Chron. ii, 37). B.C. post 1618.
E'phod (Heb. Ephod' ., 'lEX, an ephod [q. v.] ; Sept. Oocliio V. r. ^ov<pi,Yu\g. Ephod), the father of Hanniel, which latter, as head of the tril)e of Manas- seh, was one of the men appointed to assist Joshua and Eleazar in the apportionnu?nt of the land of Canaan (Num. xxxiv, 23). B.C. ante 1G18.
Ephod (Tl'SX [rarely lEX], ejjhod', twice [Exod. xxviii, 8; xxxix, 5] in the fern. jTlSS, aphuddah' , something girt; tTrai^ttc, Ecclus. xlv, 8), a sacred \est- nient originally appropriate to the high-priest (Exod. xxviii, 4), but afterwards worn bj' ordinarj' priests (1 Sam. xxii, 18), and deemed characteristic of the office (1 Sara, ii, 28 ; xiv, 8 ; Hos. iii, 4). A kind of ephod was worn by Samuel (1 Sam. ii, 18), and by David ■when he brought the ark to Jerusalem (2 Sam. vi, 14 ; 1 Chron. XV, 27); it differed from the priestlj^ ephod in material, being made of ordinary linen (13), where- as the other was of fine linen QU'C) ; it is noticeable that the Sept. does not give tTrwpic; or 'E^oi'O in the passages last quoted, but terms of more general im- port, aroXi) f'SaAAoc, aroX)) jioaaii'ij. Attached to the ephod of the high-priest was the breast-))late with the Urim and Thummim ; this was the ephod by eminence, which Abiathar carried off (1 Sam. xxiii, 6) from the taliernaele at Nob (1 Sam. xxi, 9), and which David consulted (] Sam. xxiii, 9; xxx, 7). The importance of the ephod as the receptacle of the breast-plate led to its adoption in the idolatrous forms of worship in- stituted in the time of tlio judges (Judg. viii, 27 ; xvii, 5 ; xviii, 14 scj.). The amount of gold used bj^ Gideon in making liis ephod (Judg. viii, 26) has led Gesenius {Thesaur. p. 1,35), after Vatke (/HbL T/n'of. i, 267), fol- lowing the Peshito version, to give the word tlie mean- ing of an idol-iniage, as though tliat, and not the priest, was clothed with tlie ephod : but there is no evidence that the idol was so invested, nor does such an idea harmonize with the general use of the cpliod. Idols of w ood were often thus overlaid with ])lates of gold or silver, and are proliably alluded to in Judg. xvii, 5 ; xviii, 17-20; Hos. iii, 4; "isa. xxx, 22. The ephod it- self, however, would require a considerable amount of gold (Exod. xxviii, 6 sq. ; xxxi.x, 2 sq.), but cc.rtainly not so large a sum as is stated to have been used bj' Gideon ; may we not therefore assume th.lt to mafce an ephod implied the introduction of a new system of
worship with its various accessories, such as the gra- ven image, which seems, from the ]ir(iminence assign-
The Sacerdotal Ephod, according to Biaun (De vest, sacerd. ii, 47S).
A. Front view; 7?. the back, similar, Init without the straps, clasps, or space for the pectoral: toijcther they constituted the two folds or leaves ("(^"II^D) of which it was composed, united over the shoulders.
a, a. The two slmuldrr-pieces (nETS).
6, b. The belt (3'I,"n>, or two bands for girding it on.
c, c. Tlie two golden rings (ri'"3 w) for fastening the bottom of the bre istplate.
d,d. The two bezels or settings (PI jJ^Cp ; A. V. " ouches"), each with its memorial gem (CnO, "onyx stone") en- graved with six of the tribal names ; serving .also as clasps or buttons for fastening the shoulder-pieces togetlier, and likewise as attachments for the gold chains on the upper corners of the breast-plate.
C. The vacmt spare, a span wide (tw &iaKtva> TrepiV/ift/Lia o-tti- (*it/u"n), It-ft for the insertion of tlie gemmecl breast-plate, ac- cording to Josephua (.int. iii, 7, 5).