1,800
l,023,(l(J0
V 1,450,000 4,850,000
y 6,100,000
I 1,000 \ 6,000
U,
700,000
!■ 60,000 6,769,000
142,117,500
7,000
10,000
1,000,000
20,682,000
3,351,000
3,600,0(10
60,000
1,000
1,482,000
2,200,000
25,000
28,400,000
1,075,000 5,700,000
50,000
3,000 4,122,00')
6S,O2S,00!l
2,000 3,200,000
12,500,000
1,270,000 52,810,000
09,782,000
It will be seen from the above table that the East- ern churches (or, more particularly, the Greek Church) prevail in Russia, Turkey, and Greece. In Turkey the government is ^lohammedan, but the majority' of the population belong to the Greek Church. The Roman Catholic Church prevails in Portugal, Spain, France, the South German States, Austria, Italy (in- clusive of the Papal States, San Marino and Monaco), and Belgium, while Protestantism is the prevailing religion in the North German Confederation, Switzer- land, Holland, Great Britain, Denmark, Sweden, and Norway. (A. J. S.)
Eusebiaiis, a name given to the Arians from Eu- sebius of Nicomedia. See Eusebius of NicojiEDi.i.
Eusebius, the onh' pope of this name, and, accord- ing to a tradition, the son of a physician, became bish- op of Rome in 310, after the death of IMarcellus. The time of his pontificate is variously stated at from four months to six j'ears. No events of importance are re- corded of his pontificate. According to an epitaph published by Baronius (but which Baronius himself refers, not to the pope, but to some priest of tlie same name), the lapsi (q. v.) in Rome demanded immediate absolution, which Eusebius refused. Tumult arose, in consequence of which Eusebius was exiled by the usurper Maxentius to Sicily. He is connnemorated as a saint on the 2Gth of September. Several decrees circulating under his name, as well as three letters to the bishops of Gaul, to the Egyptians, and to the bish- ops of Tuscia and Campania, are spurious. — Herzog, Real-Enci/Hopadie, iv, 24G ; Acta Sand, ad 2G Septhr. ; Pagi, Breviarum pontijic. Roman, (i, p. Go) ; Bower, Hist, of the Popes ; Ersch u. Gru\)GT,Allgem. Encyklop. (sect, i, vol. xl, p. 445).
EUSEBIUS
356
EUSEBIUS
Eusebius of Alexandkia. I. In the Eastern ohurtlu's, ;i ninnljer of homilies, ascribed to one Euse- bius of Ak'xamlria, enjoj-ed a j;reat reinitation, espe- cially durinjj; the Gth and 7th centuries. They are ei- ther dramatic representations of the chief events in the life of Christ, or discussions of moral and practical ques- tions. Their author is variously designated as monk, bishop, archbisho]), or papa ; most frequently bishop or archbishop of Alexandria. An ancient biography, published by cardinal Mai {Spicileg. Rom. ix, p. 103), represents him as a sainted monk living near Alexan- dria, and endowed with the faculty of working mira- cles, -vvho became successor of Cyril in the see of Alex- dria, transferred his episcopal functions, after seven years (another reading says twenty j'ears), to a noble Alexandrine named Alexander, and died in the retire- ment of a monastery. That this account is false we know from the list of bishops of Alexandria, which no- where leaves room for a bishop Eusebius. According to Tliilo {Ueher die Schriften des Eusebius von Alexan- diien und des Eusebius von Emesa, Halle, 1832), the au- thor was either one of the four monks known in the Origenistic controversies under the name of the four '•tall brothers," and distinguished among the monks of the Nitrian desert for piety and theological learning, or a presbyter at the court of Justinian I, who, honor- ed with the title Papa, took an active part in the dog- matic controversies of the Gth century. Semisch (in Herzog's Real-Encyklop. s. v.) thinks that neither of these two men has all the qualifications which one would expect from the author of the Homilies. The only thing certain, in his opinion, is that the homilies were compiled in the 5th or Gth centurj\ The number of homilies that are at present known is twenty-one. Some of them were published at Paris, 1575, and Ant- werp, 1602. Augusti (^Euseb. Ernes, quce siipersunt opus- aila, Elberfeld, 1829) wrongly attributed three of the homilies (of the dramatic class) to Eusebius of Emesa. Thilo, in the work already mentioned, combated the views of Augusti, and in an appendix published a re- vised text of four of the homilies, to which, in 1834, he added an edition of a new homily on astrology. His views were confirmed by cardinal Slai (S'picil. Roman. ix), who, from a Vatican manuscript, published a num- ber of homilies for the first time. A homily on alms, which has never been printed, is to be found in the Vienna Imperial Library.— Herzog, Real-Encyklop. iv, 22G; Fabricius, Bill. Grcec. (ed. Harles), vii, 409. (A. J. S.)
II. Eusebius, bishop of Laodicea, being a native of Alexandria, is sometimes called Eusebius of Alexan- dria.
Evisebius, with the surname Brtno, after 1047 bishop of Angers. Little is known of his early life. Soon after becoming bishop he was suspended with a number of other bishops, being suspected, it is thought, of simony. But he seems to have fully justified him- self, for in 1049 he was present at the reformatory council of Khcims, and was chosen a member of the committee to welcome pope Leo IX in the name of the council. In a letter Avritten from Rome (1049), he complained of the measures taken by the pope against Berengar, wlio, in his opinion, was free from any her- es}'. Berengar himself counted Eusebius among his patrons, and it was the advice of Eusebius which in- duced him to take, at the Synod of Tours in 1054, the oath which the s3'nod demanded from him. One of the foremost opponents of Berengar, bishop Theotwin of Liege, calls Eusebius one of the chief renewers of the heres}' which finds in the Lord's Supper nothing but a shadow and an image of the body of ( lirist. But when count Gooffroi of Anjou, the powerful jirotector of the French heretics, died (lOGO), the courage of Eu- sebius was at an end. At the Episcopal Convention of Angers in 10G2 he showed an inclinat;ion to accept the doctrine of the Church, though he still made a profession of personal friendship for Berengar. The