FLOYD
606
FLUTES
most active member, by the General Conference of 184l.t. The Hymn-book now in use owes its compre- hensiveness and general excellence largely to Dr. Floy. He edited the posthumous works of Dr. Olin (q. v.). After his dcatli ai)[K!ared his Old Testament Characters delineated and illustrated (N. York, 12mo) : — Occasional Sermons, Reviews, and Essat/s (N. Y. 12mo). — Curry, in Metkidist Quarterly Review, Januarj^ 1864, article vi ; Woodruff, in The Ladies Repository, iv\\\, 1865, art. i ; Minutes ofth; Annual Conferences, 1864, p. 88.
Floyd, Joiix, an English Jesuit, was born in Cam- bridgesliire. He became a Jesuit on the Continent in 1593, and returned to England as a missionary. He was afterwards banished, and was emploj'ed by his superiors to teach polite literature and divinity at St. Omer and Louvain. The time of his death is not known. He was involved in controversies with Chil- lingworth, Antoniiis de Dominis, Crashaw, Sir Edward Hobby, and other Protestants, in which he assumed the names of Daniel ii Jesu, Ilermannus Loemelius, and Annosus Fidelis Verimontanus. Under these names he wrote Synopsis Ajiostasioi M. A . de Dominis (Antwerp, 1617, 8vo): — Detectio Hypocrisis M. A. de Dominis (1619, 8vo) : — The Church Conquerant over human Wit, against Chillingworth (St. Omer, 1631, Ato):— The To- tal Sum, against the same (1639, 4to): — Answer to William Crashaw (1612, 4to): — A Treatise of Purga- tory, in answer to Sir Edward Hobby (1613). — Ale- gambe, De Scripit. Frat. Jesu ; Hook, Eccl. Biog. v, 154.
Fludd, Robert (Latin, De Fluctibus), an Eng- lish phj'sician and theosophist, was born at Millgate, in Kent, in 1574. lie was educated at Oxford, and afterwards travelled on the Continent, where he be- came a Rosicrucian (q. v.). Returning to England, he became M.D., and practised in London, devoting himself also to the study of the n;itural sciences, in which he showed rare aptitudes. He was also a zeal- ous student of the occult sciences. He died at Lon- don Sept. 8, 1637. He was a man of real genius. Kep- ler and Gassendi thought it worth while to write agtiinst him. Fludd's works were published in Latin at Oppenheim, 1617-38, 6 vols, folio. His 3Iosaical Philosophy, grounded upon the essential Truth or eternal Sapience (Lond. 1659, fol.), is translated from the Latin text. See Rich, Biog. Dictionai'y ; Brucker, Hist. Crit. Philosophise; Wood, Athence Oxonienses. See Theos-
OPHY.
Fliie, NiKOLAus von der, also known under the name of Brother Klaus, was born at Fliieli, in the canton of Unterwalden, Switzerland, March 21, 1417. He was religiously educated, and was ea.r\y distin- guished for his asceticism, while, at the same time, lie neglected none of his social duties. He served in the army with distinction, and afterwards was nineteen years councillor of state and judge. His countrj'men would have appointed him to the highest offices, but he declined, and, resigning even his func- tion of judge, he left his family Oct. 16, 1467, barefoot- ed, bareheaded, and coarsely clad, to withdraw from the world entirely, and live in the wilderness. He settled among the Alps, where he is said to have lived for twenty j-cars witliout touching any food except the consecrr.ied wafer brought to him bj' the priest. The people erected a chapel for him, and he gained great renown. After 1477 he began preaching in the chap- el. In 1481 he suddenly appeared at a diet of the eight cantons, M'hich at that time composed the Swiss Confederation, held at Slanz, and by an effective ad- dress averted the threatening disruption of the Confed- eration. He died March 21, 1487. He was canonized in 1669 by Clement IX. — Herzog, Real-Encyklop. iv, 431 ; Piper, Erang. Kalender, 1851; Goldlin von Tiefle- Tiau, Geist und Leben des hcil. Bruders Klaus (2d edit. Lucerne, 1808) ; Businger, Bntder Klaus u: seinZeital- fer (Lucerne, 1827) ; Schneller, Ueber Nicolaus von dir Flue (Einsied. 1852). There are also biographies by
Wj'sing, Weissenbach, Herzog, Widmcr, Geiger, and G. Gorres.
Flute (Xr.''pT1iy'2, mashrokitha' , from its hissing or whistling sound; Theodot. avpiE, a pipe), a musical instrument, mentioned among others (Dan. iii, 5, 7, 10, 15) as used at the worsliip of the golden image wliich Nebuchadnezzar had set up. (Comp. the avXoQ of 1 Esdr. V, 2, as a Persian instrument.) According to the author of Shilte- Haggiborim, this instrument was some- times made of a great number of pipes — a statement which, if correct, would make its name the Chaklee for the musical instrument called in Hebrew SS^S", ugab', and erroneously rendered in the A. V. '"organ." — • Smith, s. V. See Pipe.
There is notice taken in the Gospels of plaj^ers on the flute («i)\j;r//c, "minstrel"), who were collected at funerals (Matt, ix, 23, 24). The Rabbins say that it was not allowable to have less than two players on the flute at the funeral of persons of the meanest condi- tion, besides a professional woman hired to lament ; and Josephus relates that, a false report of his death being spread at Jerusalem, several persons hired play- ers on the flute by way of preparation for his funeral. In the Old Testament, however, we see nothing like it. The Jews probably borrowed the custom from the Romans. When it was an old woman who died they used trumpets, but flutes when a j'oung woman was to be buried. — Calmet, s. v. See Funeral.