Fo'wler (some form of the verb ^Z'^'^,yaliaidi\ to lay snares; thus rendered in Psa. xci, 3; cxxiv, 7; Prov. vi, 5 ; Jer. v, 26 ; Hos. ix, 8). The act of tak-
Ancient Egyptian fowling with the Tlirow-stick.
FOWLER
635
FOWLER
ing birds by means of nets, snares, deeoj's, etc., is fre- quently alluded to in Scripture, mostly in a figurative and moral waj' (Prov. vii, '23 ; Eccl. ix, 12 ; Ezek. xvii, 20, etc.). The Egyptian paintings and sculptures ex- hibit various scenes of bunting and fowling; tbere is scarcely any process now followed which was not known in very ancient times. The ancients had not only traps, nets, and springs, but also bird-lime smeared upon the twigs ; the}' used likewise stalking-horses, setting-dogs, bird-calls, etc. The Egyptian jjaintings exhibit birds shot with arrows while upon the wing by peasants, and in others they are shown as knocked down by amateur sportsmen with sticks thrown at them as they perched or flew in the thickets or marsh- es. Game of all kinds was a favorite food of the Egyp- tians, and the capture of birds was a lucrative occupa- tion to some and an amusement to others. Persons engaged in this act are represented as accompanied In' their families in the boat, and often bj' a favorite cat (q. v.). See AVilkinson, Anc. Eg. i, 234 sq. (abridgm.). The Egj'ptians were also well skilled in preserving and preparing for the table the game thus secured, as well as poultry reared by domestication {ib. ii,lS3 sq.). See Fatted Fowl.
on or in the ground (Psa. cxl, G ; cxlii, 4). The form of this springe, or trap net, apjjears from two passages (Amos iii, 5, and Psa. Ixix, 23). It was in two parts, which, when set, were spread out upon the ground, and slightly fastened with a stick (trap-stick), so that, as soon as a bird or beast touched the stick, the parts flew up and inclosed the bird in the net, or caught the foot of the animal. See Snaue.
By a humane as well as wise regulation, Moses for- bade any one finding a bird's nest to take also the dam with the eggs or young (Deut. xxii, G, 7), lest the spe- cies should become exterminated (Kitto, Pictorial Bi- bk, ad loc). See Bird.
Fo^wier, Christopher, an eminent Puritan di- vine, was born at Marlborough in ICll, and died in 1G70. He was educated at Oxford, and took orders first in the English Church, but became a Presbj-terian in 1G41, and signalized his zeal by the earnestness of his preaching. He was made vicar of St. Mary's, Reading, but lost the post at the Restoration. Wood's prejudices doubtless influenced his view of Fowler, whom he calls "a conceited and fantastical Presliyte- rian." He wrote, 1. DLcmoniiim Meridiamwi (1G55, pt. i, 4to ; IGuG, pt. ii, 4to): — 2. Anti-Christian Bias-
Ancient Egyptian Fowlers catching Geese, and Poulterer?.
Fig. 1. A clear space, for the clap-net, h, h, and the decoys, c. 2. Watching among the reeds, <1, and reporting wiien the trap is ready to spring. 3. Pass, ing along tlie word to 4, the men wlio pnll the rope. 5. Carrying away the captured game. 6. Brings it to the poultry-house, where y plucks i-nd draws the birds, and 8 salts and hangs them up for sale, or 7 pots them for future use. See Fowl.
Birds of various kinds abound, and no doubt abound- ed in ancient times, in Palestine. Stanley speaks of "countless birds of all kinds, aquatic fowls by the lake side, partridges and pigeons hovering, as on the Nile
pkcmies, etc. (1655, 4to) : — 3. Ans7rer to Thomas Speed, a Qualcer (165G), in which Simon Ford assisted him : — 4. Sermons (1675, 4to) ; and some occasional sermons. ■Rose, New Gen. Biog. Diet, vii, 428 ; Allibone, Diet.
bank, over the rich plains of Gennesaret" {Sinai and of Authors, s. v. (.1. W. M.)
Palestine, p. 427). The capture of these for the table or other uses would, we might expect, form the em- ploj'nient of many persons, and lead to the adoption of various methods to effect it. See Palestine.
We read of the '••snare,'" ns, pack (Psa. xci, 3; cxxiv, 7 ; Hos. ix, 8), and of the " net,'' T'^'l, re'sheth (Prov. i, 17; Hos. vii, 11); " of the fowler," Ui^T^ or 'Op^'^=snarer. In Hos. v, 1, both net and snare are mentioned together. The mohesh' ('C|?""2) is used sy- nonj'mously with the pach in Amos iii, 5. This was employed for taking either beasts or birds. It was a trap set in the path (Prov. vii, 23 ; xxii, 5), or hidden
FoAwler, Edward, bishop of Gloucester, was born in 1632 at Westerleigh, in Gloucestershire, where his father was minister. He was educated at Corpus Christi College, but, removing to Cambridge, he took his master's degree as a member of Trinity College, and, returning to Oxford, was incorporated in the same degree .Inly 5, 1656. About the same time he became chaplain to Arabella, countess dowager of Kent, who presented him to the rectory of Northill, in Bedfordshire. As he had been brought up among the Puritans, he at first objected to conformity with the Church of England, but became afterwards one of its greatest ornaments. In 1G81 he was made vicar of