FOWLER
636
FOX
St. Giles's, Crlpplegate, when he took liis degree of D.D. He was an able defender of Protestantism, and appears as the second of the London clerg}' who re- fused to read James ll's declaration for liberty of con- science in 1GS8. He was rewarded for his eminent services in the cause of religion, and in the promotion of the revolution, by being made in 1G91 bishop of Gloucester. He died at Chelsea in 1714. He belonged to the moderate or latitudinarian school of divines. His writings are, The Principles and Practice of Latitudi- narhtns (so called) d fended (Loniion^ 1671, 8vo) : — The Design of Christianiiji (Lond. 167G, 8vo ; pub. in ^\'at- son's Tr.icts, vol. vi). This work was attacked by Bunyan (to whom Fowler replied in a tract entitled Dirt wiped out, 1672, 4to) : — Libcrtas Evangelica (1680, 8vo) ; various tracts against Poper}', two on the Trin- ity, and a number of sermons. — Biographia Britannica, s. v. ; Hook, Eccles. Biog. v, 164; Ormc, Lfe of Bax- ter, ii, 238.
Fowler, Orin, a Congregational minister, was born Jul}' 29, 1791, in Lebanon, Conn. He graduated at Yale 1815, entered the ministry Oct. 14, 1817, and in June, 1818, started as missionary' to the AVestern States, through which he traveled a year, and was or- dained pastor in Plainfield, Conn., March 1, 1820, where he remained eleven years, when he was dismissed, and July 7, 1831, became pastor in Fall Kiver. He was elected to the Senate of Rhode LsLind in 1847, and in 1848 to tha U. S. Senate, in which ofiics he remain- ed until his death, Sept. 3, 1852. Mr. Fowler pub- lished a Diiquisilion on the Erik attending the Use of Tobacco (1833) : — Lectures on the Mode and Subjects of Baptism (18Sb) :—Histon/ of Fall Elver (1841):— Pa- pers on the Boundary (1847), a sermon, several speech- es in Congress, etc. — Sprague, Annuls, ii, 648.
Fowles, James H., a minister of the Protestant Episcopal Church, was born at Nassau, N. P., in 1812, and died in 1854. He graduated at Yale College in 1831, and about 1843 was licensed to preach by the Presbytjry of New York, but afterwards joined the Protestant Episcopal Church, and was ordained bj^ bishop Bowen, of South Carolina, in which state he laliored until 1845, when he succeeded Dr. S. H. Tyng as rector of the Church of the Epiphany, Philadelphia, where he remained until compelled by ill health to resign, only a fdw months before his death. He edit- ed Goode's Better Covenant, etc., and The Conrlct Ship, for which he wrote introductions ; and was the author of Protestant Episcopal Views cf Baptism Explained and Defended (Pliiladel. 1846, 18mo) : — Sermons (30) preached in the Church nf the Ep)ip)hany, Philadelphia, preceded by a biographical sketch (Phila. 1855, 8vo).- — AUibone, Dictionary of Authors, s. v. (J. W. M.)
Fox is the rendering in the A. V. of ?>"\:j (shuaV, Sept. nXoTT//?, as in Matt, viii, 20; Luke ix, 58; xiii, 32; Jud;,'. XV, 4; Neh. iv, 3; Psa. Ixiii, 10 ; Cant, ii, 15; Lam. v, 18; Ezek. xiii, 4), a name derived, ac- cording to Bochart (^Ilieroz. ii, 190), from the conghing or }-el[)ing of that animal, but, according to Gesenius (Thci. lleb. p. 1457), from its digging or burrowing un- der the ground. The latter remarks that jachth must be meant in Judg. xv, 4, since the fo.K is with great difficulty t;iken alive; and also in Psa. Ixiii, ]], inas- much as foxi'S do not feed on dead bodies, which are a favorite repast for the jackal. There is also another word, C^^X (Jy'"^' 1 literally howlers, occurs only in Isa. xiii, 32 ; xxxiv, 14 ; Jer. 1, 39, where it is render- ed " wild beasts of the islands"), which seems to refer to the jackal, or some other species of the fox family. Fox is again the translation of a\Mivi]'i in Matt, viii, 20; Luke ix, 5-8; xiii, 32; but here also the word in the original texts may applv genericallj- to several species rather than to one only. See Animal.
Fox is thus applied to t\\''o or more spccios of the Canidr, though only strictly applicable in a sj^stematic view to Taakb, which is the Arabic name of a wild
canine, probably the S_\Tian fox, Vulpes Thaleb or 7*0- aleb of modern zoologists, and the only genuine spe- cies indigenous in Palestine. This animal is of the
Syri.in Fox.
size of an English cur fox, and similai-ly formed ; but the ears are wider and longer, the fur in general ochry-rnfous above, and whitish beneath : there is a ftiint black ring towards the tip of tlie tail, and the back of the ears are sooty, with brigiit fulvous edges. The species burrows, is silent and solitary, extends eastward into Southern Persia, and is said to be found in Natolia. The Syrian Taaleb is reputed to be verj' destructive in the vinej'ards, or, rather, a plunderer of ripe grapes ; but he is certainly less so than the jackal, whose ravages are carried on in troops, and with less fear of man. Ehrenberg's two species of Taaltb (one of which he takes to be the Anubls of an- cient Egypt, and Geoffroj^'s Canis Niloticus, the Abu Hossein of the Arabs) are nearh' allied to, or varieties of the species, but residing in Egypt, and further to the south, where it seems they do not burrow. The Egyptian Vulpes IS'iloticiis, and doubtless the common