Ancient Itonuui I'uUei'ci Furnace.
xxix, 22 ; 2 Mace, vii, 5 ; Hos. vii, 7 ; see Hoffmann, De flammafurni Bahyhnici, Jen, 1668). A parallel case is mentioned b}' Chardin ( Voyage en Perse, iv, 276), two ovens having been kept ready heated for a whole month to throw in any bakers who took advantage of the dearth. See Punishment.
2. '"1^23, kibskan' (so called from subduing the stone or ore), a smelting or calcining furnace (Gen. xix, 28), perhaps also a brick-kiln (Exod. ix, 8, 10; xix, 18); but especially a lime-kiln, the use of which was evi- dently well known to the Hebrews (Isa. xxxiii, 12 ; Amos ii, 1). Sec Brick ; Lisie.
3. "I'lS, kur (so called from its boiling up), a refining furnace (Prov. xvii, 3 ; xxvii, 21 ; Ezek. xxii, 18 sq.), metaphoricallj' applied to a state of trial (Deut. iv, 20 ; 1 Kings viii, 51 ; Isa. xlviii, 10 ; Jer. xi, 4). The form of it was probably similar to the one used in Eg}-pt (Wilkinson, Anc. Eg. ii, 137, abridgm.). The jeweller appears to have had a little portable furnace and blow- pipe, which he carried about with him, as is still the case in India. See Metallurgy.
Ancient Tg} ptnn Wowinp; the fire for meltinp; gold, witli blow- pipe ((•), forceps (h), and firepot having clieeks to confine and reflect the flame.
4. P"^?^', alii' (perhaps so called from ivorkitig over, Sept. ^oKi'juroi', Vulg. jirohatuni), according to some, a tvorkshop ; others a crucible (only in Psa. xii, G, where it probably denotes a mould in the sand for casting). See Fining-pot.
5. "lliin, tannur' (of uncertain etymology), an oven (as usually rendered) for baking bread (''furnace," Gen. XV, 17 ; Isa. xxxi, 9 ; Neh. iii, 11 ; xii, 38), per- haps sometimes in a more general sense (Gen. xv, 17; Isa. xxxi, 9). The tannnr is still in use hy the Arabs under the same name, being a large round pot of earth- en or other materials, two or three feet high, narrow- ing towards the top; this being first heated by a fire made within, the dough or paste is spread upon the sides to bake, thus forming thin cakes (see Jahn, Bibl. Archaol. § 140). Of the Gr. KKi^avoc,, by which the Sept. render this word, Jerome says, on Lam. v, 10, "The clibanus, an extended round vessel of brass for
FURNEAUX
698
FURROW
baking bread, the fire being applied internally." See
Oven.
C. Ki'ijni'or, a general term {or fia-nace, Iciln, or oven (.Vhitt. xiii, 42, 50; Kev. i, 15 ; ix, 2) ; es- pecially the potter's furnace (Eeclus. xxvii, 5; xxxviii, 30), which resembled a chimne}' in shape, and was about five or six feet high, having a cylindrical frame, in which tiie fire was kindled at the bottom, and the nar- row funnel produced a strong draught, tliat raised the flame above the top (Wilkinson, Ancient Egijpt. ii, 108,
Ancient Kgyptiiin I'otter a Turniice.
abridgment) ; also a blacksmith's furnace (Eeclus. xxxviii, 2S). The same also describes the calcining furnace (Xenophon, reci/f/. iv, 49). It is metaphori- cally used in the N. T. in this sense (Rev. i, 15 ; ix, 2), and in Matt, xiii, 42 with an esjDecial reference to Dan. iii, G. See Potter.
The TowEU of the Furxaces (D'^^liPltl 3'^S"3, M'tgdal' hat-Tannunm' ; Sept. Trvpyog twv Bai'i'ovpdfi v. r. .&n)'0)\0('/<, Vulg. hirris furnoi'um), i. e. of the Ov- ens (Neh. iii, 11 ; xiii, 38), was one of the towers on the second or middle wall of Jerusalem, at its N.W. angle, adjoining the "corner gate," and near the in- tersection of the present line of the Via Dolorosa with the Street of St. Stephen (Strong's Harm, and Expos. Append, p. 17). It may have derived its name from "the Bakers' Street" (Jer. xxxvii, 21) or "bazaar," which probably lay in that vicinitj' (Josephus, War, v, 8, 1, init.), as similar shops still do (Barclaj', City rfthe Great King, p. 434). See Jerusalem.
Fvirneaiix, Philip, D.D., an English Noncon- formist minister, was born at Totness in 1726, and died in 1783. He was first an assistant to a dissenting congregation in Southwark, then lecturer at Salters' Hall, and in 1753 succeeded Moses Lowman (q. v.) at Clapliam, in Surrey*, wliere he remained twenty-three 3'ears. For the last six 3'ears of his life he was totallj' deranged. He published Sermons (1758-G9), and Let- ters to Justice Blackstone on his Expos'itinn of the Act of Toleration (1793, 8vo), which, it is said, induced that learned commentator to change some of his positions in the subsequent editions of his work. — Rose, New Gen. Bioq. Diet, vii, 402; Allibone, Dictionui-y of Au- thors, s. v. (J. W. M.)
Furniture is the rendering in the Auth. Vers, in one passage of "13, Icar, a camel's litter or canopied saddle, in which females are accustomed to travel in the East, Gen. xxxi, .34, elsewhere a lamb, etc. ; also in a few passages of ''SS, l:eli' , a general term for ves- sek, utensils, or implements of any sort. The manu- facture of all Ivinds of furniture is represented on the Egyptian monuments witli great minuteness. The recent excavations among the Assyrian mounds have also disclosed a high degree of refinement among the people of that age. See Wilkinson's Ana. Egypt., Ro- sellini's lUustra., and I.ayard and Botta's works on ancient Nineveli and Bahylon ; also the various arti- cles of liousehold furniture in their alphabetical order. See Carpenter.