GALL
722
GALLAS
that neither of these two drugs in question, both of ] break of ;he Reformation in 1525 they threw off their which are the produce of the same natural order of , subjection, and embraced the new doctrines. At the jilauts I^Amyridaceo''), is ranlied among the h3'pnopoie- \ close, hoAvever, of the religious war in 1532, the Catho- tics by niodern physicians. It is true that Dioscorides ' lie religion was re-established, and the alibot reinsta- (i, 77) ascribes a soporific property to myrrh, but it ted, though with diminished autliority, in his ancient does not seem to have been so regarded by any other dignity. At tlie Frencli Revolution, the abbey of St. author. Notwithstanding, therefore, the almost con- j Gall was secularized (1798), and its revenues were current opinion of ancient and modern commentators, : soon afterwards sequestrated (1805). By a later eccle- tliat tlie "wine mingled with myrrh" was offered to ; siastical arrangement, the abbacy of St. Gall was our Lord as an anodyne, we cannot readily come to : raised to the dignity^ of a bishopric, which in 1^23 the same conclusion. Had the soldiers intended a mit- , was united to that of Chur. They were afterwards, igation of suffering, they' would doubtless have offered however, separated, and in 18J.7 St. Gall was erected a draught drugged with some substance having nar- into a bishopric, with a distinct jurisdiction." — Cham- cotic properties. The drink in question was probabh' bers. Encyclopedia, s. v. ; Herzog, lleal-Encyklopildie, a mere ordinary beverage of the Romans, who were in iv, 643.
the habit of seasoning their various wines, which, as | Gall, St., Manuscript (Codex Sangallensis, they contained little alcohol, soon turned sour, with ! usually designated as A of the Gospels), one of the various spices, drugs, and perfumes, such as myrrh, ! most important of the later uncial IISS., containing cassia, myrtle, pepper, etc. (Smith, Did. of Class. An- the four Gospels (with only a single hiatus, John xix.
17-35) and an interlined Latin version, rudely written on coarse vellum in a very' peculiar character. It comprises 197 leaves, 4to, 10 inches by 8f in size, with 20 to 26 (usually 21) lines of text on each page. Be- fore Matthew are placed prologues, Latin verses, the
tiq. s. V. Vinum). — Smith, s. v. See Myrkh.
Gall, Nikolaus. See Gallus.
Gall, St., monastery of, one of the most celebrated monasteries of Europe, at St. Gall, in Switzerland. It was founded in the 7th century. Its wealth and repu- i Eusebian canons in Roman letters, tables of the Kt<pd- tation became very great under Othmar, its first abbot | \aia in Greek and Lat., etc. The text is divided into (720-7C0), who founded a hospital for lepers in connec- regular (Tn'xoi. There are also WrXot, and the Ammo- tion with the monastery. In the 8th century it be- nian sections. It has so many resemblances to the came distinguished for learning, especially under ab- Codex Boernerianus (G of Paul's epistles), as to show bot Gosbert (815-837). " The abbey of St. Gall grad- that they both once belonged together. See Boeuner ually became one of the masterpieces of mediaeval ar- ' Mancsceipt. The Gospel of IMark seems to repre- chitecture ; and the genius and skill which were lav- ished on its construction, and on the decoration of its halls and cloisters, had a large share in developing the Christian art of the period. The monks of St. Gall, too, may be reckoned among the best friends and preservers of ancient litsrature. They were indefati- gable in the collection and transcription of ,. .. b ■ dixit
sent a text diflferent from that of the other evangelists. It agrees in general with the older JISS. There are scarcely any breathings or accents ; the words are of- ten wrongly divided, with dots at the end of almost every Greek word, and marks > > > inserted to fill up vacant spaces.
MSS. — Biblical, patristic, sacred and profane history, classical, liturgical, and legendary. Several of the classics, especially Quintilian, Silius Italicus, and Ammianus Marcellinus, have been preserved solely through the MSS
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of St. Gall. For a time the abbey was sub- BfXa* Ce tovto) tio f u^arw lovrai wcr Kai ' aoi ' H " ovk tiE, ject to the bishop of Constance, and an ani- gj,gj,in,pn ^f tjig Codex Sangallensis (Matt, xx, 1.3-15), in ordinary type, mated dispute was lor a long time main
tained between that prelate and the monks as to the right of electing the abliot. It ended, however, in the recognition of the right of free election ; and ultimately, from the growth of the monastic posses-
This IMS. is preserved in the monastery of St. Gall, Switzerland, where it was probably transcribed orig- inally. It was first inspected by Gerbert in 1773, was named by Scholz (in his N. T. 1830), and has been pub-
sions, and the important position which the abbot , lished in a full lithographic fac-simile of every page by
■ ' Rettig (Zurich, 1836), with Prolegonicna. It seems to