Gallus, Cestius (Gnecized Ksorioc PfiXXof), son of C. Cestius Gallus Camerinus, a Roman senator of consular rank, was president ("legatus," Suetonius, Vesp. 4) of Syria, A.D. 64, 65, at the time of the final Jewisli war (Tacitus, Hist, v, 10). I\Iaddened by th© tyranny of Gessius Florus (q. v.), the Jews applied to Gallus for protection ; but, though he sent Neapolita- nus, one of his officers, to investigate tlie case, and received from him a report favorable to the Jews, he took no effectual steps either to redress tlieir injuries, or to prepare for any outbreak into which their discon- tent might drive them. When at last he found it necessary to act, he marched from Antioch, and, liav- ing talcen Ptolemais and Lydda, advanced on Jerusa- lem. There ho drove the Jews into the upper part of the city and the precincts of the Temple, and he might, according to Josephus, have finished the war at once, had he not been dissuaded by some of his officers from pressing his advantage. Soon after he unaccountably drew off his forces (leaving an interval of which the
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Christians availed themselves to escape, according to our Saviour's direction, Luke xxi, 21, 22), and was much harassed by the Jews, who took from him a quantity of spoil. Nero was at this time in Achaia, and Gallus sent messengers to him to give an account of his affairs, and to represent them as favorablj' as possible for himself. The emperor, much exasperated, commissioned Vespasian to conduct the war ; and the words of Tacitus {ut svp.) seem to imj)ly that Gallus died before the arrival of his successor, his death being probably hastened 1)V vexation (Josephus, Life, 43 ; War, ii," 14, .-? ; IG, 1, 2 ; 18, 0, 10 ; 19, 1-9 ; 20, 1 ; iii, 1). — Smith, Diet. ofCliss. Bio/j. s. v. See Goveexob.
Gallus, C. Vibuis Trebonianus, Roman em- peror (early history unknown), was elected to the throne A.D. 251. His reign was disgraced b}' con- cessions to the Goths, and by a renewal of the perse- cution of the Christians. See Peksecution. He was assassinated A.D. 253 or 254.
Gallus, St. Gal, St. Gilian, or St. Gall, was a native of Ireland, born about 5G0, and a disciple of Columban (q. v.). He founded the celebrated abbey of St. Gall (q. v.), in Switzerland, of which he was made abbot A.D. G14. He died in G46, Oct. 16, which is his day in the Roman Calendar. There are no writings of his except a sermon in Canisius, Lectiones Antiq. 1, 781, in Galland, Bib. Pair, xii, 721, and in Migne, Pa- trologla Laiiiia, vol. Ixxxvii.
Gallus (or Gallo), Thomas, a French theologi- an, who died Dec. 5, 124G, was a member of the regular Augustines, canon of the congregation of St. Victor of Paris, and in 1223 was ajipointed abbot of St. Andrew of A'erceil, by which latter title he is frequently exclu- sively designated. The name Gallus is regarded by some as only the Latinized form of his real name, C'oq ; by others as indicating his nationality ; while others suppose that he was of Italian origin. Gallus taught at St. Victor and other Augustine establishments, and, wlien abbot of Verceil, drew around him the best pro- fessors of Northern Italy, achieving for himself and his monaster}' a European reputation in theology and ecclesiastical learning. J. Gerson (q. v.), in the pref- ace to his Commentary on the Canticles, praises high- ly Callus's Explications du Cantique cles Cantiqnes (published, with commentary, by Halgrin, Paris, 1521, and Lyons, 1571, fob). This work was published at Rome in IGGG under the care of J. IMagloire, together with a decree of the Congregation of the Index forbid- ding its publication under the name of S coins, showing tliat it had been attributed to the celebrated Irish phi- losopher. Another work of Gallus's {Traduction para- p)hrasue des Uvres stir la hierachie cf la tluologie mystique aUrilnus a Saint Denys V Areopagite) is found in the Theolofjia Mijstica of J.Eckhius (Ingolstadt, 1519), and in the Commentarius in S. Dionysii Areopaffitie Opera of Dionysius the Carthusian (Cologne, 1536). Leon Alacci {Apes urbanrr') erroneously attributes to Gallus some sermons {Sermones') whicli belong to John, abbot of Vincelles. — Hoefer, Nouv. Biog. Generale, xix, 345; Oudin, Comment, de Scriptoribus ecclesiasticis, iii, 9. (J. W. ISI.)
Gam'ael (ra/iaijX v. r. rajt/aXi//X), given (1 Esdr. viii, 20) as the name of one of the cliief Levites that returned from the cajitivitj', instead of the D.^niel (q. V.) of the Ileb. text (Ezra'viii, 2).
Ganial. Sec C.^mel ; Ge:\ialli.
Gamala (rd rditaXa, so called from its situation on a ridge like a camel's liump, Josephus, War, iv, 1, 1), a town of trans-Jordanic Palestine, in the district of Gamalitis (Josephus, War, iii, 3, 5) or Lower Gaulan- itis (ib. iv, 1, 1), tirst mentioned as a fortress reduced by Alexander Jannirus (/7). i, 4, 8); it retained" its al- legiance to Rome on tlic first outbrealv of the final hos- tilities (Josephus, Li/c, 11), but afterwards revolted, and was so strongly fortilied by Josephus (ib. 37), as
to be only taken after a siege of seven months by a desperate assault (War, iv, 1, 2). It was situated on the Lake of Tiberias, opposite Taricheae (ib. iv, 1, 1). Schwarz is inclined, from a notice in the Talmud and certain local traditions, to place it between Hurim and Kedesh in Naplitali (Palest, p. 190) ; and Pliny speaks of a Galila;an town of the same name (Hist. Xat. v, 13) ; l)ut this position is not to be thought of (see Re- land, Palcest. p. 784). Lord Lindsay found the site in the steep insulated hill east of the lake opposite Tibe- rias (Travels, ii, 92), now called El-Ihtssn, between the village of Fik and the shore, "having extensive ruins of buildings, walls, and columns on its top" (Burck- hardt, Syria, p. 278). This identification is confirmed by Thomson, who gives a detailed description of the spot (Land and Book, ii, 47 sq.) ; though Ritter thinks, on account of Josephus's mention of a large place back of the fortress, we should rather locate it at Khan el- Akabah, as described by Seetzen (Erdkunde, xv, 350). See Capiiar-gamala.