Git'tith (Heb. Gitiith' , nina, prob. for rS.nS, and so kindred with Negixoth), a stringed instrument of music (Psa. viii, 1 ; Ixxxi, 1 ; Ixxxiv, 1). The term is not to be derived (with the Targums) from the city Gath, nor (with the Sept. v—ip tmv Xijvm/) from a wine-press (as a vintarje-song, Jlichael. Suppl. p. 382) ; but from the root "0, to strike (Redslob, De prmccpfo Mus., etc.. Lips. 1831, p. 24), Gesenius, Thes. Jlebr. p. 849. On the other hand, Flirst (Concord, p. 256) de- rives it from TT'^, to de/pen, and culls it "a musical instrument curved and hollow (syn. ?^3ri) ;" whereas in his Ilcb. Lex. p. 304, he says it is the name of "a musical body of Levites who had their chief seat in the Levitical city of Gath-rimmon, the word in the titles of Psalms r.ot being capable of an interpretation refer- ring to instruments or airs." See Psaljis.
Gizoh. See Gizonite.
Gi'zonite (Heb. with the art. hag-GizonV, "'STSfl ; Sept. o ri'J^ijji'iTiji: V. r. r(Li(i)'/,Vulg. Gezoniles), an in- habitant of GizoH (Heb. Gizoh', fTfS, perhaps quarry), a place unknown except as the residence of Hashem, the ancestor of two of the sons of David's warriors (1 Chron. xi, 34). As these are called Ilararites (i. e. "mountaineers") in this as well as the parallel pas- sage (2 Sam. xxiii, 32, 34), we may perhaps infer that the city in question was situated somewiierc in the mountains of Judah. The conclusion of Kennicott, who examines the passage at length, is that the name should be Gomii, a proper name, and not an ajipella- tive (Dissert, p. 199-203). See Guxi.
Gizrite. See Gezrite.
Glagolita, Glagolitza, Glagolites (derived from the Slavonic Glagol, a word), "an ancient Sla- vonic alphabet, principally used in several lioman Catholic dioceses of Istria and Dalmatia, in the psalms, liturgies, and offices of the Church. The use of this liturgy was confirmed to the priesthood by a bull of liope Innocent IV, 1248. Of the antiquity of this al- phabet the savans have maintained a great variety' of opinions. Dobrowsky laid the foundation of a crit- ical investigation of the subject, and has been followed by Kopitar, Jacob Grimm, Ivan Preis, Schafarik. etc. In former times the invention was sometimes ascril)ed to St. Jerome ; while the Orientals, according to Neale, consider it as a mere corruption and Latinization of the Cyrillic alphabet. According to the recent re- searches of Schafarik, it was invented by Cyril, and is, consequenth-, older than what is now called the Cvril- lic alphabet (Kyrilliszer), the author of wliich'was bishop Clement of Welitza (died 910). Grimm found in some Glagolitic letters Runic characters. The Gln- gnlitic literature embraces all South Slavic works which are written in the Glagolitic alphabet. According to language and form of tlie letters, two periods maj^ be distinguished — an earlier and a later one. Among the important documents of the earlier period which are still extant are a Glagolitic manuscrijit of the 11th
century, belonging to count Kloz, published liy Kopi. tar under the title Glagoliti Cbziunus (95G lines,Vien- na, 1836) ; a gospel which in 1736 was lirought by J. S. Assemani from Jerusalem to Rome, is preserved there in the Vatican, but is not yet printed; the Ahecenari- uni Bufgaricum, at Paris (published in the Nouvtau, traite de diplomatique [Paris, 1750], and more fully by Kopitar in the Glagolita Clozlanus) • a gospel wliich Victor Gregorovich, of Kasan, purchased on Mount Atlios (fragments in IMiklosich's Slavic Librai-i/ [Vien- na, 1857, vol. i]). The resemblance between the lan- guage of these documents and the language of the Old- Slavonic documents written in the Cyrillic alphabet, is the greater the more ancient the latter arc. The younger period of the Glagolitic literature embraces the translations into the South Slavic dialects of the New Testament by Primus Truber (about the middle of the IGth century), of the whole Bible by Dalmatin (Witten. 1584), of the Augsburg Confession, of the Catechisms of Luther, etc. In some of these works partly the Glagolitic and partly the Cyrillic alphabet was used." (See Dobrowskj', Glagolilica [Prague, 1807] — who puts the origin of the Glagolitic alphabet erroneoush' in the 13th century' ; Hcifler and Schafarik, GlagoUtische Fragmente [Prague, 1856] ; Schafarik, Ue- ber TJrsprimg u. Neimatk des Glagolitismus [Prague, 1858] ; Sillem, Primus Truber [Erlangen, 1861]. The Glagolitic alphabet is given in Bagster's Bible of Eve- ry Land, p. liv). — Allgan. Eeal-Eiicijklo]y. s. v. ; Neale, Ilobj Eastern Church, Introduction, ii, 823. (A. J. S.)
Glaiivil, Joseph, an eminent English divine and philosopher, was born at Plymouth in 1636. He grad- uated at Exeter College, Oxford, in 1655, and in 1656 he removed to Lincoln College, where he took his de- gree of M.A. in 1658. Although a friend of Baxter, at the Restoration he conformed to the Church ; he also became a convert to the principles of the Baconian philosopiiy ; and when he had just entered his twenty- fifth j^ear he wrote a treatise in defense of them, under the title of The Vanity of Doginntizing, or Confidence in Opinions, with An Apology for Philosojihy (1661, 12mo). About this time he entered into orders, and was pre- sented to the rector}' of Wimbish and to the vicarage of Fi'ome-Selwood. In 1662 he publislicd Imx Orien- talis, or ur^ Inquiry into the OjnnioH of the Eastern Sages concerning the Pre-existence of Souls (12mo). In 1665 he published Scepsis Scientifica, or Confessed Ignorance the Way to Science, a modified edition of The Vanity of Dogm.atizing (4to). It was dedicated to the Royal So- ciet}', of which he was now chosen a member. Tenne- mann remarks that in this treatise Glanvil enlarged with ability on the causes of doubt, and ap])licd them to the diflferent departments of science, more particu- larly the discoveries in physics effected in his own time. His remarks on Causality, in which he coin- cides with those of Algazel, and appears to have fore- stalled Hume, deserve especial attention. " We do not," says he, "detect the existence of an}' cause im- mediately by sensational or intuitional perception, but only by mediate representations, and therefore by in- ference, which may be erroneous." The credit which he had acquired by his writings encouraged him in 1666 to deliver his sentiments upon the subject of witchcraft, the existence of which he endeavored to defend in Some Philosophical Considerations touching the Being of Witches and Witchcrcifl (Lond. 1666, 4to), an enlarged edition of which was published by Henry INIore under the title Saddiicismus Triumphans (Lond. 1682, 8vo). He wrote also Essays on Subjects in Phi- losophy and Religion (Lond. 1676, 4to) : — Essay concern- ing Preaching (London, 1678, 12mo), and other smaller works. Aliout this time he was presented to the rec- tor}' of the Abbey Church at Bath. He died of fever Nov. 4, 1680. After his death a volume of his I'is- cnurscs, Sermons, and Remains appeared, edited l)y Dr. Horneck, who wrote a eulogy upon him. — Hook, Eccl. Biog. V, 325 ; Tennemann, Manual Hist. Philos, § 343;