Glass-painting is of three kinds : (1) the mosaic, in which pieces of differently-colored glass are so cut out and arranged as to represent figures or scenes, the pieces being joined together with lead ; (2) the enamel, in which the colors are laid on a plate of glass and then burnt in ; and (3) the mosaic-enamel, which is a union of the two others, and is Iw far the most effec- tive kind of glass-painting. The art probably had its origin in France or Germany during the tenth centurj'. The mosaic style prevailed till the fourteenth century. Glass-painting reached its highest state in the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries. After the rise of the Renais- sance architecture in the sixteenth century, glass- painting fell into decadence. It has been quite suc- cessfully revived during the last thirty years in Ger- many.— Warrington, History of Stained Glass (Lon- don, 1850) ; Wackernagel, Gefchichte der deiitschen Glas- malerei (Leipzig, 1855). (G. F. C.)
Glass or Glassius, Salomo, a German theologi- an, eminent both for piety and learning, was born at Sondersliausen, Thuringia, in 1593. He was educated at the universities of Wittenberg and Jena, and devo- ted himself at an early period specialh' to the study of Hebrew and its cognate languages. He became in 1637 professor of theology at Jena, and in 1640 was made superintendent of the churches and schools in Saxe-Gotha. In this office he acquitted himself with great zeal and success, laboring for the sjiiritual as well as intellectual well-being of the churches of the duchy. He died at Gotha July 27, 1G56. His works are, Philologia Sacra (4to) : — Onomatologia Messice Pro- phetica (Jena, 1624, 4to) : — Disputationes in A vgusta- nam Cmfcssionem.: — Exegesis Evangeliorum et Epistola- rnm (Gotha, 1G47, 4to ; Nuremb. 1664, fol.) -.—Christo- logia Mosaira (Jena, 1649, 4to) -.—Chrisiologia Daiidica (Jena, 1638. 4to) : — Loci Theologici (posthumous, Go-
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tha, 1G61, 8vo, and Jena, 1731, 8vo, with a preface on the Life and Writings of Glassius). The best edition of the Philologia Sacra, as Glass left it, is that of Leip- si"-, 1725, 4to ; the edition of Dathe and Bauer (Lips. 177G-1797, 3 vols. 8vo) contains valuable additions by the editors, but is tainted with the vices of the low ra- tionalistic period in which it a]ipeared. — Herzog, Reul- Enc-yklop. v, 1G7 sq. ; Hoefer, Nuuv. Biofj. Ginl'Vule, xx, 795-6.
Glastonbury, "an ancient municipal burg and market-town in the county of Somerset, twent3'-five miles south-west of Bath, is built in the form of a cross, and occupies a peninsula formed by the river Brue or Brent, called the Isle of Avalon. Top. (18G1) 3503. The town owes its origin to its celebrated abbey, which, according to tradition, was founded in A.D. CO, and was one of the earliest seats of Christianity in Britain. Its traditionary founder was Joseph of Arimathea, and tlie 'miraculous thorn,' which flowered on Christmas- d:iv, was, till the time of the Puritans, believed by the common people to be the veritable staff with which Joseph aided his steps from the Holj'- Land. The tree was destroj'ed during the civil wars, but grafts from it still flourish in the neighboring gardens. In A.D. 005 the monks adopted the dress and rules of the Ben- edictine order. This magnificent pile at one time cov- ered sixty acres ; but as most of the houses in Glas- tonbury, and also a causeway across Sedgemoor, have been constructed of the materials, the extent of the ruins is now much diminished. The most interest- ing remains are the Abbey Church, with St. Joseph's Chapel, St. Mary's Chapel, and the Abbot's Kitchen. St. Joseph's Chapel is one of the most elegant speci- mens in existence of the transition from Norman to early English architecture, and is supposed to have been erected during the reigns of Henry II and Eich- ard I. It is now roofless, and the vaulting of the crypt is nearly destroj-ed. The entrance is adorned with sculpture. Below the floor is a Norman crypt, within which is St. Joseph's Well. Of the Abbey Church few fragments remain. The Chapel of St. ^lary is roofless, but the remains of its pointed windows and arches are exceedingly elegant. The Abbot's Kitch- en, now separate from the rest of the ruins, is a square massive structure, the walls strongly buttressed, and dates from about the 15th centurj'. Glastonbury has the honor of ranking St. Patrick (A.D. 415) and St. Dunstan among its abbots. In 1539 Henry VIII summoned aljbot Whiting to surrender Glastonburj' and all its treasures ; and on his refusal, condemned him to be hanged and quartered, and the monastery confiscated to the king's use, which sentence was im- mediately carried into execution. According to tradi- tion, king Arthur and his queen Guinever wei'e buried in the cemetery of the abbe}' ; and Giraldus Cambren- sis states that ' a leaden cross, bearing the following inscription, "Ilic jacet sepultus inclytus Rex Arthurus in insula Avallonia," was found under a stone seven feet below the surface, and nine feet below this was found an oaken cofliin, containing dust and bones.' This disinterment took place by order of Henrv II. The only other objects of interest at Glastonbury are the Church of St. Benedict; the Church of St. John the Baptist, with a tower 110 feet high ; the Wearv- all I nil, where Josejih of Arimatliea rested from his weary pilgrimage ; and the Tor Hill, where the last abbot of Glastonburj' was put to death, 500 feet above the sea-level, crowned bj' a lieautiful tower, the ruin of a pilgrimage chapel of St. Michael." — Chambers, Encyclopedia, s. v.