Glatz, Jacob, a Protestant clergyman of Hunga- ry, was born in 177G at Poprad, studied thcologj' at the university of Jena, became in 1797 professor at Schnepfenthal, in 1804 professor at the Protestant school of Vienna, in 1805 minister of the Lutheran congregation in the same city, resigned in 1826, and died in 1831 at Pressburg. He wrote numerous ju-;.
venile books, which appeared in many editions ; also several pedagogical works. He edited the Annalen der usirelch. Littratur, the Ecangelisch-christliche Ge- sanghuch, and an agenda (^Kirchenagende) which was introduced into the Protestant congregations of Aus- tria.— Wenrich, J. Glatz, tine biograph. Sklzze (Vienna, 1834). (A. J. S.)
Glean (prop, llp^, lahat', spoken of grain, Ruth ii, elsewhere to ^'■gather" field crops generally, Lev. xix, 9; xxiii, 22; also P^^-', alaV , Lev. xix.lO; Deut. xxiv, 21; Judg. xx, 45; Jer. vi, 9; properly spoken of grape gleanings, Judg. viii, 2; Isa. xvii, G j. xxiv, 13, etc. ; and figur. of a small remnant, Jer. xlix, 9 ; Obad. i, 5; Mic. vii, 1). See Coiiner. The law of Moses directed a liberal treatment of the poor at the seasons of harvest and ingathering. See Harvest. The corners of the field were not to be reaped — the owner was not to glean his own fields — and a sheaf accidentally left behind in the field was not to be fetch- ed awa}', but left for the poor. There are equally lib- eral regulations respecting vinej'ards and olive-yards (Lev. xix, 9, 10 ; Deut. xxiv, 19, 21). Hence the prov- erb of Gideon (Judg. viii, 2). The privilege of glean- ing after the reapers was conceded not as a matter of right, but as a favor granted to particular persons whom the owner wished to befriend. It did not, how- ever, require anj' special interest to obtain this favor, for Naomi could scarcely have suggested it in the first instance, and Ruth might hence have hesitated to ap- ply for it to a stranger, " the servant that was set over the reapers." On two occasions Dr. Robinson speaks of witnessing interesting illustrations of harvest scenes similar to those in Ruth (^Researches, ii, 371, 284), and in the latter he says he frequently saw the process of women beating out with a stick handfuls of grain which they seem to have gleaned {ib. note). In the case of Boaz, young women, recognised as being "'his maidens," Avere gleaning in his field, and on her claim upon him by near affinity being made known, she was bidden to join them and not go to any other field ; but for this, the reapers, it seems, would have driven her away (Ruth ii, 6, 8, 9). Maimonides lays down the principle {Constitutiones de donis patipernm, cap. ii, 1) that whatever crop or growth is fit for food, is kept, and gathered all at once, and carried into store, is lia- ble to that law. (See also Maimon. Constitutiones de donis pimiperum, cap. iv.) With regard to the vintage, what fell to the ground (ui'HB, Lev. xix, 10), or was left after the general gathering, belonged to the poor (Peak, vii, 3) ; hence any one placing a vessel under the tree to catch what might accidentally fall was held to defraud the poor (Surenhusius, Mishna, i, 56). See Poor.
Glebe, in England the soi7("gleba," clod), mead- ow, or pasture belonging to a parsonage besides the tithes. Glebe-house is the common designation in Ireland of the parsonage.
Glede, the old English name for the common kite (milvus ater), occurs only in Deut. xiv, 13 (n^?'^, raah') among the unclean birds of prej'. But in the parallel passage. Lev. xi, 14, we find J^N'l, daah' , "vulture." That this diff'erence has arisen from a permutation of the ~\ and the ~l is evident, but which is the original form of the word is not certain. Bochart decides {Hi- eroz. ii, 191) for daah on the ground that, assuming the bird to be the kite or glede, it is more probable that it would receive its name from S^X'H, to fly swiftly than from tlX"), to see; wliile others, presuming that it is the vulture, prefer the latter derivation, and the reading, consequently, raa/i, on account of the sharp sight of these birds. But both these qualities are marked traits of the vulture as well as the kite. Thus far the evidence is therefore equal, nor do the versions help us to a decision ; for while the Sept, gives ia
GLEDE
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GLORIA IN EXCELSIS
both passages yv^p, vulture, the Vulg. has milvus, kite, in both. The Codex Samar., however, reads ilX"I in Deut. xiv, 13, which favors the supposition that this is tlie proper reading; but it still remains uncertain whether by this term we are to understand the glede or the vulture. The A.V. makes it the one in the one passage and the otlicr in the other. As the nXT is distinguished from the iT'1 (Deut. xiv, 13), and as the latter is probaldy one of the vulture genus (comp. Isa. xxxiv, 14), it is probable that the former belongs to the kites. The kite has, in comparison with its bulk, very long wings, and a forked tail extending bej'ond them.** It is a species that rises to a towering height, hangs apparently motionless in the sk}-, and darts down with immense velocity ; but the legs and claws being weak, it is cowardly, and feeds upon carrion, iish, insects, mice, and small birds. About Cairo kites are particularly abundant, mixing with tlie carrion vultures in their wheeling flight, and coming in num- bers to the daily distribution of food awarded them. But the question whether the kite of Europe and that of Egypt are the same species is not decided, though there is no want of scientific names for both species found in the valley of tlie Nile, one of which is cer- tainly distinct from the European, and the other, if not so, is a strongly-marked variety. We find it no-